10/02/2026
- A Brief History of Fireground Medical Support in Victoria -
Fireground medical services in Victoria have evolved in response to experience, inquiry, and operational need.
Following the 2009 Victorian bushfires and the findings of the Black Saturday Royal Commission, there was widespread recognition that firefighter safety required more than reactive emergency response. Medical risk on the fireground needed to be anticipated, not just managed after injury occurred.
Early models focused on establishing a medical presence at base camps and planned operations. This first aid and welfare support improved outcomes during extended deployments and represented a significant step forward from having no dedicated medical capability embedded within bushfire operations.
As fire seasons grew longer and more complex, limitations in these early models became increasingly visible. Firefighters were operating further from assured ambulance access. Injuries occurred in dynamic, remote environments where extraction required both clinical judgement and specialised vehicle capability. Medical risk was not confined to base camps.
By the late 2010s, this gap had become difficult to ignore. Informal escalation pathways existed, but they were not a substitute for a defined, mobile, fireground-capable medical service.
In response, Enhanced Medical Services were formally introduced during the 2021–22 fire season. This model integrated paramedics, qualified first responders, and 4WD patient transport into bushfire operations. It was designed around mobility, integration with incident management teams, and readiness aligned to forecast risk.
A defining feature of this model was anticipatory capability. Stand-by arrangements recognised that effective response depends on personnel and vehicles being positioned before an incident, not summoned after conditions deteriorate.
Following an initial trial, this Enhanced Medical Services model was reaffirmed for the 2022–23 fire season. Its continuation reflected an understanding that fireground medical support had matured beyond static first aid toward a more integrated operational capability.
Over time, language and classifications have continued to evolve, reflecting broader changes in operating environments and administrative frameworks. Throughout these shifts, the underlying driver has remained consistent: adapting medical support to match the realities of modern fire behaviour and firefighter risk.
Fireground medical services are, at their core, a product of learning. They exist because experience demanded them.
Photos from Andy Close’s archives, 2019-2020 fires