02/12/2025
Tu Youyou, born in 1930 in Ningbo, China, is the first mainland Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize in a scientific field (2015). Trained in pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine, she led China’s Project 523 to find a cure for chloroquine-resistant malaria during the Vietnam War. Studying ancient Chinese medical texts, she discovered that sweet wormwood (qinghao) had been used to treat fever. Realizing that heat damaged its active ingredient, she developed a low-temperature extraction method that produced a highly effective antimalarial compound—artemisinin.
Tu tested the extract on herself before treating patients, all of whom recovered. Artemisinin went on to save millions of lives and became the WHO-recommended first-line treatment for malaria. Despite her global impact, Tu remained humble, crediting both ancient wisdom and her team. Her discovery is considered one of the most significant medical breakthroughs of the last fifty years.
Medicine laureate Tu Youyou turned to Chinese medical texts from the Zhou, Qing, and Han Dynasties to find a traditional cure for malaria, ultimately extracting a compound – artemisinin – that has saved millions of lives.