Süso Medical analysis.

16/09/2025

Hemophilia...

16/09/2025

diagnostic interpretation of hepatitis B panel 💉

15/09/2025

The organs and their hormones :
• Hypothalamus: Produces releasing hormones that control the anterior pituitary.
• Pineal gland: Produces melatonin (regulates sleep-wake cycle).
• Pituitary gland (hypophysis):
• Anterior lobe: ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, Prolactin, TSH.
• Posterior lobe: ADH, Oxytocin.
• Thyroid gland: Produces T3, T4, and calcitonin (regulates metabolism and calcium balance).
• Parathyroid glands: Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) (calcium regulation).
• Thymus gland: Produces thymopoietin (important for immune cell maturation).
• Heart: Produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (regulates blood pressure and sodium balance).
• Adrenal (suprarenal) glands:
• Cortex: Cortisol, Aldosterone, S*x hormones.
• Medulla: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine.
• Pancreas: Produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin (blood sugar regulation).
• Kidneys: Produce calcitriol, erythropoietin, and renin.
• Digestive tract: Produces gastrin, secretin, CCK, GIP, motilin (digestive regulation).
• Fat (adipose tissue): Produces leptin (regulates appetite and metabolism).
• Ovaries (female): Produce estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin.
• Te**es (male): Produce testosterone, inhibin.

15/09/2025

Some diseases of the digestive system:
1. Ulcerative Colitis
• A chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• Causes ulcers and pseudopolyps in the colon lining.
• Leads to abdominal pain, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), and weight loss.
2. IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)
• A functional disorder, not structural damage.
• Causes colon spasms, bloating, alternating constipation/diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
3. Polyps
• Abnormal growths in the intestinal lining.
• Can be sessile (flat) or pedunculated (on a stalk).
• Some polyps can develop into cancer over time.
4. Cancer
• Malignant growth in the colon.
• Can cause bleeding, weight loss, anemia, and obstruction.
5. Crohn’s Disease
• Another type of IBD.
• Causes thickened walls, deep ulcers, and inflammation anywhere along the digestive tract.
• Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss.
6. Hemorrhoids
• Swollen veins in the re**um/a**s.
• Can be internal (inside re**um) or external (outside a**s).
• Causes bleeding, itching, and pain.
7. Diverticulosis & Diverticulitis
• Diverticulosis: small pouches (diverticula) form in the colon wall.
• Can trap stool → concretion.
• If inflamed/infected → diverticulitis, causing pain and fever.
8. Intussusception
• A section of the intestine slides into another, causing blockage.
• More common in children.
• Leads to severe pain and obstruction.
9. Appendicitis
• Inflammation of the appendix, often caused by a fecalith (hardened stool).
• Causes severe lower right abdominal pain, fever, nausea.
• Requires urgent surgery.
10. Hernia
• Part of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall (often near the inguinal ligament).
• Appears as a bulge, may cause pain, and risk of strangulation (cut-off blood supply).

09/09/2025

Tumor Markers

09/09/2025

Approach to increase serum Amylase

09/09/2025