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X-Rays - MedlinePlus X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. What is a chest X-ray?

The images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white. ... The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for frac The most common form of X-ray used is X-ray radiography, which can be used to help detect or diagnose:
Bone fractures
Infections (such as pneumonia)
Calcifications (like kidney stones or vascular calcifications)
Some tumors
Arthritis in joints
Bone loss (such as osteoporosis)
Dental issues
Heart problems (such as congestive heart failure)
Blood vessel blockages
Digestive problems
Foreign objects (such as items swallowed by children)
What Is a Chest X-Ray? A chest X-ray is most commonly used to detect abnormalities in the lungs. However, it also can detect abnormalities in the heart, aorta, and the bones of the thoracic area. Chest X-rays are used to help diagnose:
Cysts
Tumors
Asthma
Cancers
Heart failure
Fractures
Lung diseases and conditions
A chest X-ray is most commonly used to detect abnormalities in the lungs, but can also detect abnormalities in the heart, aorta, and the bones of the thoracic area. Extra metallic objects, such as jewelry are removed from the chest and neck areas for a chest X-ray to avoid interference with X-ray penetration and improve the accuracy of the interpretation. A chest X-ray can be used to diagnose many conditions and diseases such as pleurisy, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, bronchitis, cysts, tumors, cancers, asthma, pericarditis, cardiomegaly, heart failure, pneumothorax, and fractures. Readers Comments 12 Share Your Story
A chest X-ray is a radiology test that involves exposing the chest briefly to radiation to produce an image of the chest and the internal organs of the chest. An X-ray film is positioned against the body opposite the camera, which sends out a very small dose of a radiation beam. As the radiation penetrates the body, it is absorbed in varying amounts by different body tissues depending on the tissue's composition of air, water, blood, bone, or muscle. Bones, for example, absorb much of the X-ray radiation while lung tissue (which is filled with mostly air) absorbs very little, allowing most of the X-ray beam to pass through the lung. What is a shadow on a chest X-ray? Due to the differences in their composition (and, therefore, varying degrees of penetration of the X-ray beam), the lungs, heart, aorta, and bones of the chest each can be distinctly visualized on the chest X-ray. The X-ray film records these differences to produce an image of body tissue structures and these are shadows seen on the X-ray. The white shadows on chest X-ray represent more dense or solid tissues, such as bone or heart, and the darker shadows on the chest X-ray represent air filled tissues, such as lungs. How is the chest X-ray procedure performed? Patients obtaining a chest X-ray will often be requested to use an X-ray gown, and extra metallic objects such as jewelry are removed from the chest and/or neck areas. These objects can block X-ray penetration, making the result less accurate. Patients may be asked to take a deep breath and hold it during the chest X-ray in order to inflate the lungs to their maximum, which increases the visibility of different tissues within the chest. The chest X-ray procedure often involves a view from the back to the front of the body as well as a view from the side. The view from the side is called a lateral chest X-ray. Occasionally, different angles are added in order for the radiologist to interpret certain specific areas of the chest. The radiology technologist or technician is a trained, certified assistant to the radiologist who will help the patient during the X-ray and actually perform the X-ray test procedure. After the chest X-ray is taken and recorded on the X-ray film, the film is placed into a developing machine, and this picture (which is essentially a photographic negative) is examined and interpreted by the radiologist. How do doctors interpret chest X-rays? A radiologist is a physician specialist trained to interpret images of the body produced on films. After the films are produced by the technician they are developed and reviewed by the radiologist for interpretation. After the radiologist reviews the chest X-ray, occasionally further images or angles may be necessary. Once all the films have been reviewed by the radiologist, a report is generated which is transmitted to the ordering practitioner. In the past, the doctors interpreting the films placed the films in front of a source of light for better visualization of the shadows on the chest X-ray. This usually consisted of a fluorescent light source placed in metal box and covered by a white plastic. More recently, newer technology has replaced this old reading technique in many health care facilities and radiology offices. This advanced technology has eliminated the need for the actual physical films to be used and placed on a light box for interpretation. The images, once taken and developed, are uploaded into a computer with special software that enables digital images to be viewed on a computer screen. The doctor can look at the images on the screen, interpret the results, and comment on the computer all within minutes after the images were taken. Additionally, this technology allows for ability to easily look at any previous images taken from the same patient. It also essentially eliminates the possibility of lost X-rays and speeds up the interpretation of X-rays, and the communication between doctors about the results.

14/06/2023

An X-ray is a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.

X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film. Standard X-rays are performed for many reasons, including diagnosing tumors or bone injuries.

X-rays are made by using external radiation to produce images of the body, its organs, and other internal structures for diagnostic purposes. X-rays pass through body structures onto specially-treated plates (similar to camera film) and a "negative" type picture is made (the more solid a structure is, the whiter it appears on the film).

When the body undergoes X-rays, different parts of the body allow varying amounts of the X-ray beams to pass through. The soft tissues in the body (such as blood, skin, fat, and muscle) allow most of the X-ray to pass through and appear dark gray on the film. A bone or a tumor, which is more dense than the soft tissues, allows few of the X-rays to pass through and appears white on the X-ray. At a break in a bone, the X-ray beam passes through the broken area and appears as a dark line in the white bone.

Radiation during pregnancy may lead to birth defects. Always tell your radiologist or doctor if you suspect you may be pregnant.

18/05/2023
29/08/2022

Dilated bowel loops with or without the presence of fluid levels
Upright chest radiographs for perforation evaluating

29/08/2022

Soft tissue swelling of the involved joints
Normal joint spaces
Symmetric involvement of interphalangeal joints
Swan neck deformity
Boutonniere deformities
Subluxation with ulnar deviation at MCP joints
Subluxation of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint
Widened forefoot
Hallux valgus

29/08/2022

Lateral decubitus view:
Visible small amounts of fluid layering against the dependent parietal pleura
PA and AP CXR:
Blunting of the costophrenic angle
Blunting of the cardiophrenic angle
Fluid within the horizontal or oblique fissures
Mediastinal shifts with large amounts of fluid

29/08/2022

On X-ray imaging, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be characterized by different features regarding the present complication. The most common characteristic findings of SLE in X-ray include thumb printing sign in the abdominal X ray, blunting of the costophrenic angle due to pleural effusion, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, osteoprosis, tenosinovitis, and other manifestations based on the complications.

Lupus nephritis is inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also called lupus, S...
29/08/2022

Lupus nephritis is inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also called lupus, SLE is an autoimmune disease. With lupus, the body's immune system targets its own body tissues. Lupus nephritis happens when lupus involves the kidneys.
Up to 60% of lupus patients will develop lupus nephritis. When the kidneys are inflamed, they can't function normally and can leak protein. If not controlled, lupus nephritis can lead to kidney failure.

Identification of M. tuberculosis in respiratory specimens by microbiological culture is the gold standard for establish...
27/08/2022

Identification of M. tuberculosis in respiratory specimens by microbiological culture is the gold standard for establishing a diagnosis of pulmonary TB, but it usually takes 2 to 8 weeks to acquire positive results from mycobacterial culture.[9] However, in cases of miliary TB, the sensitivity of acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining is 20% to 40% and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is 60% to 80%, which is lower than that of pulmonary TB.[10] Therefore, CT imaging is crucial for the early diagnosis of miliary TB. However, miliary TB may occasionally be missed or misinterpreted on chest CT, and the diagnosis and treatment can therefore be delayed, which may contribute to increased disease severity and mortality.[11,12] The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological characteristics of radiologically missed miliary TB.

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially lethal form of TB resulting from intense systemic dissemination from the rupt...
27/08/2022

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially lethal form of TB resulting from intense systemic dissemination from the rupture of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-laden focus into a vascular channel.[1] Rapid diagnosis of miliary TB requires chest computed tomography (CT) to evaluate disease extent and allow differential diagnosis due to high resolution and lack of image overlapping compared with chest radiographs.[2–5] However, the classic miliary pattern may be evident in up to only 50% of patients with miliary TB.[5] In immunocompromised hosts, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation, the host immune response to M. tuberculosis may be affected, which can alter the clinical manifestations and radiographic features, making it difficult to diagnose miliary TB

27/08/2022

While chest CT provides important clue for diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis (TB), patients are occasionally missed on initial CT, which might delay the diagnosis. This study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological characteristics of radiologically missed miliary TB.
Total 117 adult patients with microbiologically confirmed miliary TB in an intermediate TB-burden country were included. ‘Missed miliary TB’ were defined as the case in which miliary TB was not mentioned as a differential diagnosis in the initial CT reading. Clinical characteristics and radiologic findings including the predominant nodule size, demarcation of miliary nodules and disease extent on CT were retrospectively evaluated. Findings were compared between the missed and non-missed miliary TB groups. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors of missed miliary TB.
Of 117 patients with miliary TB, 13 (11.1%) were classified as missed miliary TB; these patients were significantly older than those with non-missed miliary TB (median age, 71 vs 57 years, P = .024). There was a significant diagnostic delay in the missed miliary TB group (P < .001). On chest CT, patients with missed miliary TB had a higher prevalence of ill-defined nodules (84.6% vs 14.4%; P < .001), miliary nodule less than 2 mm showing granular appearance (69.2% vs 12.5%; P < .001), and subtle disease extent (less than 25% of whole lung field, 46.2% vs 8.7%; P < .001). Multivariable analysis revealed that only CT findings including ill-defined nodule (Odd ratios [OR], 15.64; P = .002) and miliary nodule less than 2 mm (OR, 10.08; P = .007) were independently associated with missed miliary TB.
Approximately 10% of miliary TB could be missed on initial chest CT, resulting in a delayed diagnosis and treatment. Caution is required in patients with less typical CT findings showing ill-defined miliary nodules less than 2 mm showing granular appearance and follow-up CT might have a benefit.

27/08/2022

Miliary tuberculosis is an uncommon pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. It represents hematogenous dissemination of uncontrolled tuberculous infection and carries a relatively poor prognosis. It is seen both in primary and post-primary tuberculosis and may be associated with tuberculous infection in numerous other tissues and organs.

27/08/2022

Primary tuberculosis has generally been defined as onset of clinical disease within 12 months of initial infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis may involve multiple organs, such as the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, and bone. In endemic regions, the normal host immune response may be sufficient to contain the infection and prevent clinical presentation. Uncontrolled or uncontained infection may result in high morbidity and mortality. A third of the world's population is said to have contracted M tuberculosis, with estimates of 10 million new infections globally each year. The major pathology is necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, with the lungs being the primary organs of involvement in up to 87% of cases.

02/08/2022

An X-ray is a quick and painless procedure commonly used to produce images of the inside of the body.
It's a very effective way of looking at the bones and can be used to help detect a range of conditions.
X-rays are usually carried out in hospital X-ray departments by trained specialists called radiographers, although they can also be done by other healthcare professionals, such as dentists.
How X-rays work
X-rays are a type of radiation that can pass through the body. They can't be seen by the naked eye and you can't feel them.
As they pass through the body, the energy from X-rays is absorbed at different rates by different parts of the body. A detector on the other side of the body picks up the X-rays after they've passed through and turns them into an image.
Dense parts of your body that X-rays find it more difficult to pass through, such as bone, show up as clear white areas on the image. Softer parts that X-rays can pass through more easily, such as your heart and lungs, show up as darker areas.
When X-rays are used
X-rays can be used to examine most areas of the body. They're mainly used to look at the bones and joints, although they're sometimes used to detect problems affecting soft tissue, such as internal organs.
Problems that may be detected during an X-ray include:
bone fractures and breaks
tooth problems, such as loose teeth and dental abscesses
scoliosis (abnormal curvature of the spine)
non-cancerous and cancerous bone tumours
lung problems, such as pneumonia and lung cancer
dysphagia (swallowing problems)
heart problems, such as heart failure
breast cancer
X-rays can also be used to guide doctors or surgeons during certain procedures. For example, during a coronary angioplasty – a procedure to widen narrowed arteries near the heart – X-rays can be used to help guide a catheter (a long, thin, flexible tube) along one of your arteries.
Preparing for an X-ray
You don't usually need to do anything special to prepare for an X-ray. You can eat and drink as normal beforehand and can continue taking your usual medications.
However, you may need to stop taking certain medications and avoid eating and drinking for a few hours if you're having an X-ray that uses a contrast agent (see contrast X-rays below).
For all X-rays, you should let the hospital know if you're pregnant. X-rays aren't usually recommended for pregnant women unless it's an emergency.
It's a good idea to wear loose comfortable clothes, as you may be able to wear these during the X-ray. Try to avoid wearing jewellery and clothes containing metal (such as zips), as these will need to be removed.

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