Amoebiasis; cause symptom, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, Adama (2025)

The symptoms of amebiasis include loose stool, abdominal cramping, and stomach pain. However, most people with amebiasis won't experienc histolytica is a single-celled protozoan that usually enters the human body when a person ingests cysts through food or water. It can also enter the body through direct contact with fecal matter. The cysts are a relatively inactive form of the parasite that can live for several months in the soil or environment where they were deposited in feces. The microscopic cysts are present in soil, fertilizer, or water that’s been contaminated with infected feces. Food handlers may transmit the cysts while preparing or handling food. Transmission is also possible during anal sex, oral-anal sex, and colonic irrigation. When cysts enter the body, they lodge in the digestive tract. They then release an invasive, active form of the parasite called a trophozite. The parasites reproduce in the digestive tract and migrate to the large intestine. There, they can burrow into the intestinal wall or the colon. This causes bloody diarrhea, colitis, and tissue destruction. The infected person can then spread the disease by releasing new cysts into the environment through infected feces.

05/05/2025

Amoebiasis, caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is typically treated with medications aimed at eliminating the infection. Here are the key components of treatment:
Antibiotics: The primary treatment involves antibiotics effective against Entamoeba histolytica. Metronidazole is commonly used as the initial medication, with tinidazole as an alternative.
Amebicidal Drugs: In addition to antibiotics, paromomycin is often administered to eradicate any remaining amoebae in the intestines after treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole.
Symptomatic Relief: Medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms like diarrhea or abdominal pain. Rehydration therapy may also be necessary if dehydration occurs.
Follow-Up: Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential to ensure complete clearance of the infection. Repeat stool tests may be conducted to confirm eradication of the parasite.
Management of Complications: Severe cases involving spread of the infection beyond the intestines (e.g., to the liver) may require additional treatments or interventions.
Preventive Measures: Preventing amoebiasis involves practicing good hygiene, such as thorough handwashing, avoiding contaminated food and water sources, and considering prophylactic treatment in high-risk situations.

04/07/2023

While normal human eosinophils are destroyed in vitro by virulent Entamoeba histolytica, notwithstanding the presence of antibodies and complement, activated eosinophils promptly destroy the parasite although dying also at the end of the process. To study the possible in vivo participation of eosinophils in invasive amebiasis, we compared the induction of experimental amebic abscess of the liver (AAL) in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) previously made eosinophilic through Toxocara canis antigen injection and in normal control gerbils. After intraportal inoculation of 10(5) ameba trophozoites (6 and 24 hr), the ratio of gerbils with AAL, as well as the number and size of the microabscesses was comparable in eosinophilic and control gerbils. However, at 96 hr the number and size of the microabscesses were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) in eosinophilic gerbils. On the other hand the actuarial AAL survival curve up to 45 days post-amebic inoculation was significantly (p < 0.05) shifted to the right in controls. These results suggest that antigen-induced eosinophilia may exert a protective effect against AAL in gerbils.

29/06/2023

Amoebiasis in tissue is treated with metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide, dehydroemetine, or chloroquine. A luminal infection is treated with diloxanide furoate or iodoquinoline. Effective treatment may require a combination of medications

25/09/2022

Prevention
Amoebiasis can be prevented and controlled both by non-specific and specific measures.
Non-specific measures are concerned with-
Improved water supply– The cysts are not killed by chlorine in amount used for water disinfection. Water filtration and boiling are more effective than chemical treatment of water against amoebiasis.
Sanitation–Safe disposal of human excreta coupled with the sanitary practice of washing hands after defecation and always before handling and consuming food.
Food safety– Uncooked fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly with safe water, peel fruits, and boil vegetables prior to eating.Measures should also include the protection of food and drink from flies and cockroaches and the control of these insects. Carriers, who pass cysts and are involved in handling food, whether at home, at street stalls, or in catering establishments, should be actively detected and treated since they are major transmitters of amoebiasis.
Health education of the public as well as health personnel at all levels about sanitation and food hygiene-Elementary hygienic practices should be propagated and constantly reinforced in schools, health care units, and the home through periodic campaigns using the mass media.
General social and economic development-The implementation of individual and community preventive measures (e.g., washing of hands, proper excreta disposal) should be an essential part of these activities.
Specific measures that should be undertaken when possible are-
community surveys to monitor the local epidemiological situation with regard to amoebiasis;
improvement of case management, i.e., rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment of patients with invasive amoebiasis at all levels of the health services, including the community and health centre levels;
surveillance and control of situations that may encourage the further spread of amoebiasis, e.g., refugee camps, contaminated public water sources.

25/09/2022

Complications
Complications of amoebic colitis include the following:
Fulminant or necrotizing colitis
Toxic megacolon
Amoeboma
Recto vaginal fistula
Complications of amoebic liver abscess include the following:
Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, or intrapericardial rupture, with or without secondary bacterial infection
Direct extension to pleura or pericardium
Dissemination and formation of brain abscess
Other complications due to amoebiasis include the following:
Bowel perforation
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Stricture formation
Intussusception
Peritonitis
Empyema

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