Isbahaysiga Shaybaarkaa DDS

26/09/2024

Talo Cafimaad Oo Muhiim Ah: Afar Shaybaar Oo Aad U Baahantahay | Ma Martay Afartaan Baaritaan Weli?

08/09/2024

YAHAY?
dhiigeygu waa B+
1- Nooca dhiiga Ee caalamaka ugu badan waa 0+ (38%) halka O- uu yahay 6% caalamka oo dhan.
2- Dadka caalamaka ku nool Ee leh dhiiga A+ waa (34%) halka A- uu yahay 6%
3- Sidoo kale dadka leh B+ waa (9%) halka B- iyana tahay 2%
4- AB waxaa leh dad caalamka ka ah(4%) nooca dhiiga ugu yar caalamaka ka yihiin (1%) dadkaan waa in ay aad u taxadiraan haday joogan goobo aan lahyn dhiig (blood bank).
Waa Nooce dhiigada (Blood Group)
1.: A+ qofka ah waa Qof dadka soo jiita (Attractive)
2.: A- Waa qof danayste ah (selfish)
3;. B+ qof ah waa qof dareen leh (Sensitive)
4:.0+ qof ah waa jecel badan (lovely)
5: 0- waa qof dadka ka qosliyo (Comedy
Anigu koleey B+ ayaan ahay (qof dareen leh)

31/08/2024

maxay Baadhitanka CBC?
Ogow baaritaanka dhiigga guud. Afka qalaadne lagu dhaho "Complete blood count" ama "Full CBC", waa baaritaan lagu eego kaliya tirakoobka unugyada dhiigga iyadoo la eegayo cilladaha ku dhaca sida: dhiig-yarida, infekshanka iyo xinjiroobis la'aanta.Ogow haddii dhiigga-guud lagaa baaro, jawaabtuna ay noqoto "Normal" ma ahan macnaheedu in Malaria ama Macaan ama Cagaarshow ama Tiifow ama xanuun kalaba aad ka fiican tahay, kuwaasi siyaabo kale ayaa loo baaraa. Qaladkaan waxaa badanaa la kulma dadka sheybaarka toos u taga iyagoo aan dhakhtar soo marin. Wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato wax ku saabsan CBC-ga oo dhammaystiran Tirinta Dhiigga Cilad-baadhistu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa daah-furka luqadda kakan ee jidhkeenna ee dawada casriga ah. XAaladda ogaanshaha ee naga caawinaysa inaan soo bandhigno fikradaha caafimaadkeena waa CBC haddii kale loo yaqaan Imtixaanka Tirinta Dhiigga oo Dhamaystiran. Qaybahan waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan Unugyada Dhiiga Cas, Unugyada Dhiigga Cad iyo Platelets. Isku dheelitir la'aan kasta oo lagu ogaado mid ka mid ah walxahan waxay noqon kartaa sabab walaac caafimaad oo hoose.Aan u yara muquunno hoosta canaasiirta Tijaabada Tirinta Dhiigga ee Dhamaystiran (CBC):Qaybaha Tirada Dhiiga oo Dhamaystiran Unugyada dhiigga cas: Dhammaanteen waan ognahay dhiiggaas cas unugyadu waxay inta badan masuul ka yihiin inay ogsijiinta ka soo qaadaan sambabkeena una geeyaan xubnaha iyo unugyada kala duwan ee jidhkeena. Tijaabada Tirinta Dhiigga oo Dhamaystiran waxay qiimaysaa cabbirka (mugga jirka) iyo tirada unugyada dhiigga cas oo ay weheliso boqolleyda hemoglobin. Haddii Baadhista Tirinta Dhiigga oo Dhamaystiran ay muujiso heerarka hoose ee unugyada dhiigga cas iyo hemoglobin, waxay muujin kartaa calaamado cudurro dhiig oo kala duwan, dhiig-yaraan, yaraanta birta, iwm.
Unugyada Dhiigga Cad: Unugyada Dhiigga Cad waa kuwa.awood u leh habka difaaca jirka kaas oo la dagaallama cudurrada iyo caabuqyada. Tijaabada Tirinta Dhiiga oo Dhamaystiran waxa ay xisaabisaa wadarta tirada unugyada dhiiga cad waxa ayna u sii kala saartaa noocyo kala duwan sida:



# Eosinophils

Kor u kaca tirada WBC waxay muujin kartaa calaamado xaalad barar ah oo socda ama nooc ka mid ah caabuqa. Halka, tiro yar oo WBC ah ay soo jeedin karto xakamaynta habka difaaca jirka.

Platelets: Platelets waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu qeexaa sida. Unugyada yaryar oo door lama huraan ah ka qaata bogsashada nabarrada iyo xinjirowga dhiigga. Tirinta platelet-ka aan caadiga ahayn ee Tirinta Tirada Dhiigga oo Dhamaystiran waxay u horseedi kartaa xinjir dhiig oo xad dhaaf ah oo ku dhaca jidhka waxayna saamaynaysaa awoodda jidhku u leeyahay joojinta dhiigbaxa. Markaa, Tijaabada Tirinta Dhiigga oo Dhamaystiran waxay ka caawisaa ilaalinta dhiig-baxa ku habboon iyadoo la cabbirayo heerarka platelet-ka ee jidhka.Sababta Sababta Tirinta Tirada Dhiiga Dhameystiran Loo Sameeyay? Baadhitaannada Caafimaad ee Joogtada ah: Tijaabada Tirada Dhiiga Dhameystiran (CBC) ayaa lagula socodo. Xalaadisa.
-Range of RBC Count Value:
Male: 4.7 to 6.1 Million cells/mcL
Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL
Range of White Blood Cells
Males: 5000-10,000/mL
Females: 45000 to 11,000/mL
Range of Platelet Count
Adults: 150,000 to 45,000/mcL
Range of Hemoglobin
Males: 13.0 to 17 g/dL (15+ Age)
Females: 11.5 to 15.5 g/dL (15+ Age)
Range of Hematocrit
Males: 40 to 55%
Females: 36 to 48%

27/08/2024

1- Parasite (E.histolytica). Form (Cyst, Trophozoite).
2- Parasite (G.lamblia). Form (Cyst, Trophozoite).
3- Parasite (T.hominis). Form (Trophozoite).
4- Parasite (B.coli). Form (Cyst, Trophozoite).
5- Parasite (I.belli). Form (OOcyst).
6- Parasite (C.parvum). Form (OOcyst).
7- Parasite (C.cayetanenensis). Form (OOcyst).
8- Parasite (Microsporidia). Form (spores).
9- Parasite (T.solium). Form (egg, segment).
10- Parasite (T.saginata). Form (egg, segment).
11- Parasite (H.nana). Form (egg).
12- Parasite (D.latum). Form (egg).
13- Parasite (D.caninum). Form (egg capsule).
14- Parasite (C.sinensis). Form (egg).
15- Parasite (O.felineus). Form (egg).
16- Parasite (H.heterophyes). Form (egg).
17- Parasite (M.yokagawai). Form (egg).
18- Parasite (F.hepatica). Form (egg).
19- Parasite (F.gigantica). Form (egg).
20- Parasite (F.buski). Form (egg).
21- Parasite (Dicrocoelium). Form (egg).
22- Parasite (G.hominis). Form (egg).
23- Parasite (Schistosoma species). Form (egg).
24- Parasite (A.lumbricoides). Form (egg, worm).
25- Parasite (E.vermicularis). Form (worm).
26- Parasite (S.stercoralis). Form (Larva).
27- Parasite (T.trichiura). Form (egg).
28- Parasite (A.duodenale). Form (egg).
29- Parasite (N.americanus). Form (egg).
30- Parasite (Trichostrongylus). Form(egg).
31- Parasite (Capillaria species). Form (egg).
32- Parasite (Paragonimus species). Form (egg).
Specimen / Urine:
1- Parasite (S.haematobium). Form (egg).
2- Parasite (T.vaginalis). Form (Trophozoite).
3- Parasite (W.bancrofti). Form (microfilaria).
4- Parasite (O.volvulus). Form (microfilaria).
Specimen / Vaginal Discharge:
Parasite (T.vaginalis). Form (Trophozoite).
Specimen / Sputum:
Parasite (Paragonimus species). Form (Egg).
Specimen / CSF:
1- Parasite (Trypanosoma species). Form (trypomastigote).
2- Parasite (Naegleria). Form (trypomastigote).
Specimen / Bone Marrow:
1- Parasite (L.donovani). Form (amastigote).
2- Parasite (L.infantum). Form (amastigote).
Specimen / Muscle:
Parasite (Trichinella). Form (Larva).
Specimen / Lymph gland aspirate:
1- Parasite (Trypanosoma species). Form (Trophozoite).
2- Parasite (L.donovani). Form (amastigote).
3- Parasite (L.infantum). Form (amastigote).
4- Parasite (T.gondii). Form (trophozoite).
Specimen / Liver aspirate:
1- Parasite (E.histolytica). Form (Trophozoite).
2- Parasite (L.donovani). Form (amastigote).
3- Parasite (L.infantum). Form (amastigote).
Specimen / Spleen aspirate:
1- Parasite (L.donovani). Form (amastigote).
2- Parasite (L.infantum). Form (amastigote).
Specimen / Skin:
1- Parasite (Leishmania species). Form (amastigote).
2- Parasite (O.valvulus). Form (microfilaria).
3- Parasite (D.medneansis). Form (Larva).
4- Parasite (E.vermicularis). Form (egg).
Sub-phylum -Apicomplexa(Sporozoa)
(1) Genus Plasmodium
Apical Complex
e.g. P. falciparum
(2) Genus Toxoplasma
e.g. T. gondi
Nucleus
(3) Genus Cryptosporidum
e.g. C. parvum
(4) Genus Isospora
e.g. I. beli

18/08/2024

18/08/2024

(_Furuq-Daanyeer)

Maxay tahay in aad ka ogaatid xanuunkan xawaaraha ba'an ugu faafaya qaaradda Afrikada?

Adduunka Halis Culus Ayaa Soo Wajahday oo xaga caafimadka ah , waxaa dilaacay xanuun ay soomaalidu u taqiinay "Furuq" balse hada la yiraah Mpox .

(monkeypox) cudurkan wuxuu kasoo biloowday Congoo wuxuuna dilay 10% dadkiii uu ku dhacay.

Hada wuxuu soo gaadhay Uganda, Kenya , Brundi, Rwanda ,south sudan & wadamo kale , sidoo kale Dalka Sweden ayaa shaaciyay in kiiskii ugu horeeyay oo cudurkaas ah in dalkooda ay ka heleen , micnaha qofkii ugu horeyay oo Sweden jooga ayuu cudurkaas ku dhacay .

Mpox waa xanuun uu sababo fayraska monkeypox ee qorysa Orthopoxvirus. Xanuunkan waxaa markii u horaysay la ogaaday 1958, iyadoo laga helay Daayeerro loo hayay in laga sameeyo cilmibaadhis, waddanka Denmark.
Kiiskii u horreeyay ee qof bini-aadam ah laga helana wuxuu ahaa ilma yar oo jira 9 bilood una dhashay Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga we Congo, sannadkii 1970-kii, isagoo ku baahay badhtamaha iyo galbeedka africa.Xanuunkani wuxuu dib uga dillaacay sannadkii 2022, isagoo hadda soo laba-kacleeyay. Ilaa imminka waxa laga diiwaangeliyay 12 dal oo Africa ah uuna ku jiro dalka Kenya.
Maxay yihiin astaamaha ama calaamada lagu garanayo cudurkan?
• ✔️Finan
• ✔️Dhaawac maqaarka ah
• ✔️Xummad/qandho
• ✔️Madax-xanuun
• ✔️Murqo-xanuun
•✔️ Qanjo-barar

Sidee ayuu ku gudabayaa?
Xanuunkani waa nooc ka mid ah xanuunsada la is qaadsiiyo ee taabashada ku faafa.

Waxaad ku qaadi kartaa in aad xidhii dhow la yeelato qofka qaba fayraskan; sida in aad taabato jidhkiisa in aad taabato alaab uu isticmaalay oo sidaa uu ku gaadhay fayrasku, amaba in ay ku soo gaadhan dheecaannada ka imaanaya jidhkiisu sida candhuufta, hindhisada i.w.m.
Sidoo kale waxa uu isaga gubdi karaa labada qof ee lammaanaha ah ( isqaba) iyo hooyada uurka leh oo u gudbin karta ilmaha caloosheeda ku jira.
Waxa kale oo ku Yaasiin kara in aad taabatid, ku xagto ama ku qaniino xayawaan qaba cudurka mpox.
Yaa u nugul ama halis xooggan ugu jira?
• ✔️Carruurta
• ✔️Dumarka uurka leh
• ✔️Dadka habdhiska difaacoodu hooseeyo

Ma leeyahay daaweyn iyo ka hortag?
Illaa hadda daawo sax ah oo u gaar ah ama ku habboon fayraska Mpox ma jirto.
Hayeeshee, waxa jira tallaal ka hortag ahaan looga qaato.

Sidee la isaga ilaalin kartaa qaadistiisa?
✔️• In aad qaadato tallaalka haddii aad ka mid tahay dadka halista xooggan ugu jira.
✔️• Iskajir taabashada dadka qaba cudurkan.
✔️• Si joogto ah u maydh/dhaq gacmahaaga
✔️•Xidho facemask (afxidh) marka aad tegayso goobaha dadweynuhu isugu yimaaddo.

dambeyn Soomaalida meel walba ay joogto taxadir dheeri ah ayaa la gudboon , alle hana hareer mariyoo .

✔️Furuq ku dil " Waa Habar xuun oo somaalidu isku habaarto Allee ha,inoo Sahloo dadka soomalidu meelkastay joogan.

19/07/2024

3. Charcot- layden crystals are seen in the sputum in infection with?
A. Paragonimus westermani
B. Clonorchissinensis
C. Fasciola hepatica
D. Fasciolopsis buski

19/07/2024

2. Entamoeba histolytica can be cultured in?
A. Ma conkey agar
B. CLED medium
C. Diamonds medium
D. NNN medium

19/07/2024

1. Protozoan transmitted sexually is?
A. Trichomonas vaginalis
B. Entamoeba histolytica
C. Giardia lamblia
D. Balantidium coli

19/07/2024

Liver aspirate/stool
1. Microscopy Trophozoites/Cysts
Only trophozoites
2. Serology: serum
Ag detection in serum or
Ab detection in serum
Treatment
-Asymptomatic (cyst passing) amebiasis can be treated with Iodoquinol or Diloxanide furoate or paromomycin
- For mild to moderate intestinal disease & invasive:• Metronidazole / Tinidazole
Prevention
Improve personal hygiene
Especially institutions
Treat asymptomatic carriers
E.g. family members
Health education
Hand-washing
Sanitation
Food handling
Protection of food & water from contamination
• Avoid use of raw vegetables & fruits
Safe drinking water: Boiling
FLAGELLATES
2.Mastigophora (Flagellates):
Class Mastigophora (Flagellates):
Have one or more flagella
a) Genus Giardia e.g. Giardia lamblia
b) Genus Trichomonas e.g. Tricomonas vaginalis
c) Genus Trypanosoma e.g. Trypanosoma brucci or cruzi.
d) Genus Leishmania e.g. Leishmania donovani
2. Giardia lamblia
Introduction to Giardia lamblia
• It is the only intestinal flagellate known to cause endemic & epidemic diarrhea.
• Giardia lamblia - named by Stiles in 1915, in honor of Professor A. Giardia of Paris & Dr. F. Lambl of Prague. Discovery in the france.
Epidemiology of G. lamblia
It is common in tropics & subtropics including Ethiopia and somali Regions
It is acquired through drinking contaminated water, eating uncooked vegetables/fruits, or person-to-person by faecal- oral route.
The cyst stage is resistant to chlorine that used in water treatment.
More prevalent in children than in adults.
Pathogenesis - G. lamblia
Parasite attaches to convex surface of epithelial cells of intestine by its sucking disc.
It does not invade the tissue, but remains tightly adhered and cause abnormalities of villous architecture by cell apoptosis (Villus blunting) that disrupts the absorption of fats & proteins
Variant specific surface proteins (VSSP) of giardia play an important role in virulence and infectivity of the parasite
Pathogenesis - G. lamblia

19/07/2024