Eye Health

30/01/2026

Corneal Tear with Iris Prolapse
• A full-thickness corneal laceration where the iris herniates through the wound.
• Usually caused by severe penetrating trauma (sharp objects, metallic injury, road traffic accidents).
• Symptoms: severe pain, sudden vision loss, watering, photophobia.
• Signs: visible dark iris tissue at wound site, irregular or peaked pupil, shallow anterior chamber, positive Seidel test.
• This is a sight-threatening ocular emergency.
• Immediate management: eye shield, keep patient NPO, systemic antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis.
• Definitive treatment: urgent surgical repair with reposition or excision of pr*****ed iris.
• Prognosis: depends on wound size, infection, and prompt intervention.

29/01/2026

Epithelial Defects (Corneal Epithelial Defects)
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Definition
An epithelial defect is a loss or discontinuity of the corneal epithelium—the eye’s outermost protective layer—exposing the underlying stroma.

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Common Causes
• Trauma: Fingernail injury, foreign body, contact lens–related trauma
• Dry eye disease: Tear film instability, exposure keratopathy
• Infections: Viral (HSV), bacterial keratitis (early stage)
• Neurotrophic keratopathy: Reduced corneal sensation (e.g., diabetes, post-HSV)
• Post-surgical: LASIK, PRK, cataract surgery
• Chemical injury: Acids/alkalis
• Mechanical: Trichiasis, entropion, poorly fitting contact lenses

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Clinical Features
• Eye pain or foreign body sensation
• Redness and photophobia
• Watering (epiphora)
• Blurred vision
• Fluorescein staining: Bright green uptake under cobalt blue light

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Classification (Practical)
• Superficial epithelial defect: Limited to epithelium
• Persistent epithelial defect (PED): Fails to heal within 10–14 days
• Recurrent epithelial erosion (REE): Repeated breakdown due to poor epithelial adhesion

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Management

General Principles
• Identify and treat the underlying cause
• Promote epithelial healing
• Prevent infection

Medical Treatment
• Preservative-free lubricants (frequent)
• Prophylactic topical antibiotics
• Cycloplegics for pain (if needed)
• Bandage contact lens (selected cases)
• Discontinue contact lenses temporarily

For Persistent / Non-healing Defects
• Autologous serum eye drops
• Amniotic membrane transplantation
• Tarsorrhaphy (temporary)
• Treat lid abnormalities or dry eye aggressively

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Complications (If Untreated)
• Infectious keratitis
• Corneal ulceration
• Scarring and permanent vision loss

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Key Clinical Tip

Any epithelial defect with pain, reduced vision, or contact lens history should be monitored closely to rule out early microbial keratitis.

28/01/2026

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard!

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28/01/2026

Name the changes take place over cornea if foreign body removed late.
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25/01/2026

GLAUCOMA
The Silent Thief of Sight.
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What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve damage, commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
If untreated, it can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness.

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Why is Glaucoma Dangerous?

• Often asymptomatic in early stages
• Vision loss starts peripherally
• Damage is permanent and progressive
• Early detection is the only prevention

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TYPES OF GLAUCOMA

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1. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)

Most common type

• Open anterior chamber angle
• Gradual rise in IOP
• Painless, slow vision loss
• Often detected late

Risk Factors:
Age >40, family history, myopia, diabetes

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2. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

Ophthalmic emergency

• Narrow or closed angle
• Sudden rise in IOP

Symptoms:
Severe eye pain, headache, nausea, blurred vision, halos

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3. Normal Tension Glaucoma

• Optic nerve damage despite normal IOP
• Linked to poor blood supply to optic nerve

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4. Secondary Glaucoma

Caused by other conditions:

• Uveitis
• Trauma
• Steroid use
• Cataract or retinal surgery
• Neovascular diseases

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5. Congenital / Juvenile Glaucoma

• Present at birth or early childhood

Signs:
Large eyes, photophobia, tearing, corneal haze

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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

• Gradual peripheral vision loss
• Tunnel vision (advanced stages)
• Eye pain (angle closure)
• Redness, headache, halos
• Sudden vision drop (acute cases)

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DIAGNOSIS

✔ Intraocular pressure measurement (Tonometry)
✔ Optic disc evaluation
✔ Visual field testing (Perimetry)
✔ Gonioscopy
✔ OCT – Retinal nerve fiber analysis

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TREATMENT OPTIONS

Goal: Lower IOP & prevent further optic nerve damage

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1. Medical Treatment (Eye Drops)

• Prostaglandin analogues
• Beta blockers
• Alpha agonists
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• Combination therapy

Compliance is critical

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2. Laser Treatment

• Laser Trabeculoplasty (POAG)
• Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (PACG)
• Cyclophotocoagulation (advanced cases)

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3. Surgical Treatment

• Trabeculectomy
• Glaucoma drainage devices
• Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

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CAN GLAUCOMA BE CURED?

❌ No cure
✔ Vision loss can be prevented or slowed with early diagnosis and lifelong follow-up

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PREVENTION & AWARENESS

• Regular eye exams after age 40
• Earlier screening if family history exists
• Adherence to prescribed treatment
• Avoid self-medication with steroids

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KEY MESSAGE

“Early Detection Saves Vision”

Glaucoma damage is irreversible, but timely treatment preserves sight.

22/01/2026

Your diagnoses and management for this case. Please follow Eye Health for more updates.

20/01/2026

Your diagnosis and management for this case. Follow Eye Health for more.
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20/01/2026

Thanks for being a top engager and making it on to my weekly engagement list! 🎉

عمار فرعون, Aahan Ansari, Rana Sabir, Anmol Kumar, Ncmp Constantin Morgan

19/01/2026

EYE HEALTH TODAY
Protect Your Vision. Preserve Your Future.

👁️ Rest Your Eyes
Follow the 20–20–20 Rule
Every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds

💡 Work Smart
✔ Proper lighting
✔ Correct screen distance
✔ Avoid prolonged screen time

🥗 Nourish Your Eyes
Foods rich in Vitamin A, Omega-3 & Antioxidants
(Green vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish)

🩺 Regular Eye Check-ups
Early detection prevents vision loss



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16/01/2026

Big thanks to

Gautam Das, عمار فرعون, Abid Hussain, Deepek Sharma, عزالدين عمر الفقيه, Sanjoy Guin, Kapil Chauhan, M.s. Theja, Florence Mwenya Mubanga, Francisco Viana, Hussain Sultanfar, Nkosi Linus Agwadu

for all of your support! Congrats for being top fans on a streak 🔥!

13/01/2026

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard!

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12/01/2026

Below are practical, evidence-based eye care tips suitable for daily use and patient education. They are organized for clarity and ease of adoption.

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Daily Eye Care Habits
• Follow the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds to reduce digital eye strain.
• Blink consciously: Screen use reduces blink rate, contributing to dry eye symptoms.
• Maintain proper lighting: Avoid glare and excessive brightness while reading or using digital devices.
• Keep screens at eye level or slightly below and at an arm’s length distance.

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Nutrition for Eye Health
• Include antioxidant-rich foods: Green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale), carrots, citrus fruits.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in fish (salmon, sardines), flaxseeds, and walnuts—helpful for dry eye.
• Vitamins A, C, E and Zinc support retinal and overall ocular health.
• Stay hydrated to maintain a healthy tear film.

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Protection and Hygiene
• Wear UV-protected sunglasses (UV400) outdoors to prevent cataract and retinal damage.
• Use protective eyewear during sports, home repairs, or chemical exposure.
• Avoid rubbing your eyes, especially with unclean hands.
• Remove eye makeup daily and avoid sharing cosmetics.

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Contact Lens Care (if applicable)
• Wash and dry hands before handling lenses.
• Never sleep, swim, or shower with lenses unless prescribed.
• Replace lenses and lens cases as recommended.
• Use only prescribed lens solutions; never use water or saliva.

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Digital Eye Strain & Dry Eye Prevention
• Take regular breaks from screens.
• Use artificial tears if advised by an eye care professional.
• Ensure adequate humidity in air-conditioned environments.
• Limit prolonged screen use before sleep.

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Regular Eye Examinations
• Adults: Eye exam every 1–2 years.
• Children: Regular vision screening for early detection of refractive errors.
• High-risk individuals (diabetes, hypertension, family history of glaucoma): More frequent check-ups are essential.

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Lifestyle Considerations
• Avoid smoking—it significantly increases the risk of cataract, macular degeneration, and optic nerve damage.
• Get adequate sleep to reduce eye fatigue and redness.
• Manage systemic conditions like diabetes and hypertension carefully.

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