Iraqi Clinical knowledge

Iraqi Clinical knowledge صفحة طبية عراقية للاطباء وطلاب الطب و المتابعين

10/01/2023

Adinocarcinoma is the most common lung CA.type encountered in never smokers.

21/06/2021

There are several partial or incomplete spinal cord injury syndromes:
➡️Central cord syndrome : usually occurs in older persons who experience hyperextension injuries. Motor function and pain and temperature sensation are preserved in the lower extremities but diminished in the upper extremities. Some functional recovery usually occurs but is often not a return to normal.

➡️ Anterior cord syndrome: is characterized by diminished motor function and pain and temperature sensation below the level of the injury, but position sensing, vibratory sensation, and crude touch are maintained. Prognosis for recovery is poor.
➡️Brown-Séquard syndrome : is usually the result of a penetrating injury in which the right or left half of the spinal cord is transected. This rare lesion is characterized by the ipsilateral loss of motor function, proprioception, and vibratory sensation, whereas pain and temperature sensation are lost on the contralateral side.
➡️Posterior cord syndrome does not exist.

16/06/2021

Traditional anatomy describes the duodenum as being divided into four sections.
❤️ The posterior relations of the first part of the duodenum include the portal vein, common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery (behind which lies the inferior vena cava).
💙 The abdominal aorta crosses behind the third part of the duodenum, whilst the superior mesenteric vessels are related anteriorly to the third part of the duodenum.
💛 The main pancreatic duct opens into the second part ofthe duodenum at the ampulla of Vater. The second part of the duodenum is crossed by thetransverse colon.

07/06/2021

The only bicuspid valve is the mitral valve

28/05/2021

’s_triad :is a set of clinical signs relating to ascending cholangitis. The combination of :
1- right upper quadrant abdominal pain,
2-jaundice and
3-rigours (involun- tary shaking, which occurs during high fevers)
are the clinical manifestations of ascending cholangitis .

Reynold’s pentad :

If a patient presents with Charcot’s triad coupled with hypotension and an altered mental state, this collecion of clinical signs is called Reynold’s pentad and suggests a diagnosis of septic ascending cholangitis.

26/05/2021

Stored blood is deficient in platelets and clotting factors (V and VII), the function of which declines rapidly while the blood is in storage. Patients receiving large transfusions should therefore receive additional plate- lets and cryoprecipitate in order to avoid disseminated intravascular coagulation and transfusion-related haemorrhage.

22/05/2021

ECG changes that may be seen with hyperkalemia include :
Peaked T waves (early hange)
Flattened P wave
Prolonged PR interval ( first-degree block)
Widened QRS complex
Sine wave formation
Ventricular fibrillation

21/05/2021

The levels of the abdominal aorta arterial branches are as follows:
Inferior mesenteric artery: L3
Iliac arteries: L4
Renal artery: L2
Coeliac trunk: T12
Superior mesenteric artery: L1
Adrenal artery: T12
Gonadal artery: L2/3

21/05/2021

The following disorders is correctly paired with a vitamin deficiency
Vitamin A: night blindness
Vitamin D: Rickets
Vitamin E: Haemolytic anaemia
Vitamin K: Clotting disorder
Vitamin B1: Beriberi
Vitamin B2: Dermatitis
Vitamin B3: Pellagra
Vitamin B6: Convulsions, anaemia
Vitamin B12: Pernicious anaemia
Vitamin C: Scurvy

21/05/2021

Protamine is used as the reversal agent for heparin. It has slightly better action against unfractionated heparin thanLMWH.

20/05/2021

The four main types of hypersensitivity reactions according to the Gell and Coombs classification are:
Type I – immediate allergic reaction owing to overproduction of immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Type II – antibody (immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G)-dependent cytotoxic reaction to antigens oncell surface
Type III – deposition or formation of immune complexes in the tissues
Type IV – cell-mediated immune memory response involving T-lymphocytes

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