Medical Laboratory Scientist - MLS

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Medical Laboratory Scientist - MLS is a healthcare professional who performs chemical, hematological, immunologic, histopathological, cytopathological, microscopic, and bacteriological diagnostic analyses on body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens. Medical laboratory scientists work in clinical laboratories at hospitals, reference labs, biotechnology labs and non-clinical industrial labs.

Common Cancer Related Medical Terminology.Clear explanation of common oncology terms used in pathology and laboratory re...
04/02/2026

Common Cancer Related Medical Terminology.

Clear explanation of common oncology terms used in pathology and laboratory reports. Designed for quick understanding and exam revision.

🔬 Why this matters
Misunderstanding oncology terms can lead to reporting confusion and poor clinicolab communication.

🧬 What this chart covers
• Benign vs malignant growth patterns
• Neoplasm and tumor basics
• Invasion vs metastasis
• Carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma
• Staging vs grading differences
• Biopsy, remission, relapse
• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy basics

📌 Best use
Ideal for lab professionals, students, and exam prep. Also useful for daily reporting accuracy and quick revision before duty.

This image shows the granulopoiesis sequence in correct order, from immature precursor to mature neutrophil.Knowing this...
03/02/2026

This image shows the granulopoiesis sequence in correct order, from immature precursor to mature neutrophil.
Knowing this progression is essential for peripheral smear reporting, left shift interpretation, and leukemia screening in routine hematology practice.

Veins of the Arm Explained SimplyMedian cubital, cephalic, basilic, and median antebrachial veins are the main superfici...
03/02/2026

Veins of the Arm Explained Simply

Median cubital, cephalic, basilic, and median antebrachial veins are the main superficial veins used in daily lab practice.

The median cubital vein is the first choice for venipuncture because it is stable and easy to access.
The cephalic vein runs along the lateral side of the arm and is useful when median cubital is not visible.
The basilic vein lies medially and is deeper, so it needs more care.
The median antebrachial vein is variable and usually a last option.

Knowing these veins reduces errors, pain, and repeat sampling.

Identify Culture Media..?
03/02/2026

Identify Culture Media..?

Amylase vs Lipase Lab Interpretation For Suspected Pancreatitis?OverviewAmylase and lipase are key enzymes used when acu...
03/02/2026

Amylase vs Lipase Lab Interpretation For Suspected Pancreatitis?

Overview
Amylase and lipase are key enzymes used when acute pancreatitis is suspected. Both can rise, but they do not carry the same diagnostic weight.

Amylase
• Digests carbohydrates
• Sources include pancreas and salivary glands
• Rises early in pancreatitis
• Less specific, can increase in salivary and GI disorders

Lipase
• Digests fats
• Mainly from the pancreas
• Higher pancreatic specificity
• Stays elevated longer, improves diagnostic accuracy

Clinical Interpretation
• Both enzymes may increase in acute pancreatitis
• Lipase is more reliable for pancreatic injury
• Amylase is supportive, not diagnostic

Lab Takeaway
For suspected pancreatitis, lipase should be prioritized. Amylase adds context but should not be used alone.

Low Cholesterol Means No Heart Risk?Wrong. Read this.The common lab misunderstandingA normal lipid profile often creates...
03/02/2026

Low Cholesterol Means No Heart Risk?
Wrong. Read this.

The common lab misunderstanding
A normal lipid profile often creates false reassurance. It reflects long term atherosclerotic risk, not what is happening inside the heart right now.

❤️ What lipid profile really shows
• Cholesterol and triglyceride status
• Long term cardiovascular risk
• Prevention and lifestyle impact

🚨 What cardiac markers reveal
• Troponin indicates myocardial injury
• CK MB supports cardiac muscle damage
• hs CRP reflects active inflammation

📌 Key lab takeaway
A patient can have normal cholesterol and still be having a heart attack. Relying only on lipid profile delays diagnosis and treatment.

🔍 Best practice
Use lipid profile for prevention.
Use cardiac markers for acute risk assessment.

Save this. It prevents real lab mistakes.

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes, Simple Visual Difference ExplainedSame high sugar, different problems.Type 1 diabetes means t...
03/02/2026

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes, Simple Visual Difference Explained

Same high sugar, different problems.

Type 1 diabetes means the pancreas makes no insulin. Sugar stays in blood. Cells starve. Insulin is needed for life.

Type 2 diabetes means insulin is present but not working well. Sugar still stays in blood. Lifestyle and medicines help.

Save this if diabetes concepts confuse you.
Comment if you want more easy medical visuals.

Most Common CBC Mistake in Lab and What These Indices Really Mean?MCV shows red cell size.MCH shows hemoglobin amount pe...
03/02/2026

Most Common CBC Mistake in Lab and What These Indices Really Mean?

MCV shows red cell size.
MCH shows hemoglobin amount per cell.
MCHC shows hemoglobin concentration inside the cell.

Normal values do not always mean normal red cells.

🩸 Why Anemia Gets Missed

• Early iron deficiency can keep MCV normal
• Mixed deficiencies, iron plus B12, cancel changes
• Chronic disease can mask index shifts
• Recent transfusion alters indices temporarily

⚠️ Common Interpretation Errors

• Reading MCV alone
• Ignoring RDW variability
• Not correlating with hemoglobin
• Skipping smear and iron studies

✅ Correct Lab Approach

Interpret MCV, MCH, and MCHC together.
Always review RDW.
Confirm with Hb, peripheral smear, ferritin, and iron profile.

📌 Key point
Diagnosis depends on patterns, not single CBC numbers.

Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus gallinarumGram-positive, coccoid. Colonies are pale yellow, circular, convex, opaque...
03/02/2026

Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus gallinarum
Gram-positive, coccoid. Colonies are pale yellow, circular, convex, opaque, with entire margins and a smooth surface. Facultative anaerobe, chemoheterotrophic, and can grow in LB medium containing 10% NaCl.

Wrong Tube Selection Errors That Affect Lab ResultsWrong tube selection is one of the most common pre analytical laborat...
03/02/2026

Wrong Tube Selection Errors That Affect Lab Results

Wrong tube selection is one of the most common pre analytical laboratory errors and it directly affects test accuracy.

EDTA is ideal for hematology and preserves cell morphology but gives false hyperkalemia and low calcium if misused. Citrate is required for coagulation tests and must be filled correctly to avoid dilution errors. Heparin is preferred for blood gases and chemistry but produces poor smear quality and interferes with some assays.

A stepwise approach, choosing the correct tube based on the test, prevents reporting errors, repeat sampling, and clinical mismanagement.

Understanding Difference Between Heart Attack vs Heart Arrest vs Heart Failure Understanding the difference between hear...
03/02/2026

Understanding Difference Between Heart Attack vs Heart Arrest vs Heart Failure

Understanding the difference between heart attack, heart arrest, and heart failure is critical for both exams and real life.
A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, causing muscle injury while the heart may still beat.
A heart arrest is an electrical failure where the heart suddenly stops, leading to no pulse and no breathing.
Heart failure means the heart is still beating but pumps weakly, causing fluid buildup, breathlessness, and swelling.

These conditions are often confused, but they are not the same. A heart attack can trigger heart arrest or lead to heart failure, yet each needs different management. This visual explains the differences clearly in a simple, memorable way.

Causes of Jaundice explained clearly for exams and clinicsPre hepatic, hepatic, and post hepatic jaundice differ by wher...
03/02/2026

Causes of Jaundice explained clearly for exams and clinics

Pre hepatic, hepatic, and post hepatic jaundice differ by where bilirubin handling fails.
Knowing the pattern of unconjugated vs conjugated bilirubin, urine color, stool color, and key enzymes helps avoid misinterpretation of reports and wrong diagnosis.

Save this for quick revision.

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