02/02/2025
Myocardial infarction or, heart attack, is a problem with blood circulation to the heart, while cardiac arrest is an electrical issue that stops the heart from pumping blood altogether. Both need urgent attention, but they require different treatments. The terms heart attack and cardiac arrest are often confused, but they are very different conditions with distinct causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Myocardial infarction or heart attack happens when there’s a blockage in a coronary artery, often caused by a blood clot, stopping blood flow to the heart muscle. This leads to damage or death of part of the heart tissue.
The main signs are chest pain, shortness of breath, and sometimes nausea, dizziness, or pain radiating to the arm, neck, or jaw. The heart keeps beating, but the blood flow is reduced, affecting the heart’s pumping ability.
Immediate treatment aims to restore blood flow—usually through medication or procedures like angioplasty or stenting. With timely treatment (angioplasty, medications), survival rates are high, but some may develop heart failure or arrhythmias long-term. 5-year survival rate is about 80-90% for those without severe complications.
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating due to a sudden electrical problem that causes an abnormal rhythm (like ventricular fibrillation). The heart can no longer pump blood, leading to a lack of oxygen to the body and brain.
It happens suddenly, with collapse, loss of consciousness, and no pulse. The person is usually unresponsive and not breathing.
Immediate CPR and defibrillation are necessary to restart the heart. Without quick intervention, death can happen in minutes. Survival chances improve with fast action but neurological damage is a concern if the brain is starved of oxygen for too long. Survival rate for out-of-hospital arrest is around 10-12%.
Understanding these differences can help guide timely action and improve patient outcomes. Early intervention is critical for both.