24/10/2025
Korea Federation of Disability Organizations (KOFDO) published Disability Policy Report No. 459, titled “Severe PwD Also Want to Exercise Their Right to Work with Dignity.”
- Researcher Ms. Se Eun Park reports
The report examines the current state and challenges of the Employment Support Worker (ESW) program for PwD and suggests directions for improvement. It raises concerns over the proposed expansion of “1:5 simultaneous support” and discusses the ambiguity in defining “work-related support,” based on data analysis and firsthand accounts from workers with disabilities.
📈 Simultaneous Support in the ESW Program Surges Sevenfold in Three Years
Since the program was expanded in 2019 to include persons with developmental disabilities, usage has steadily increased. By 2025, workers with developmental disabilities accounted for 63.4% of participants—over half of all users.
As simultaneous support (one ESW assisting multiple workers) has expanded, the proportion of 1:1 support decreased to 48.92% in 2025, while 1:2 and 1:3 support now make up more than half of all cases. Notably, 1:3 support rose sharply from 2.0% in 2022 to 14.68% in 2025.
⚠️ Expansion of Simultaneous Support Raises Quality Concerns
The proposed “1:5 simultaneous support” has sparked strong concern that it undermines the program’s intent and drastically reduces service quality.
Workers with disabilities interviewed for the report said that even 1:2 support often makes it difficult to receive timely assistance and maintain work efficiency.
Mr. Park, who has received ESW support for two years, said:
“If the ratio expands to 1:5, immediate support will collapse, and overwork among support workers will become severe.”
He added:
“Each disabled worker has different needs and job tasks. If one support worker assists five people at once, the service will likely become standardized or merely formal, which could restrict users’ labor rights and freedom of choice.”
Despite policy assurances that simultaneous support would only be implemented with the user’s consent, workers expressed skepticism.
Ms. Lee, who has received ESW support for four years, said:
“Due to budget limits or pressure from employers, workers may be forced to give consent indirectly, without their real opinions being reflected.”
Participants urged the government to move away from uniform criteria—such as “same workplace, same job, same hours”—and instead develop customized support that takes into account each worker’s needs and environment.
🧩 Blurred Boundaries Between “Work” and “Daily Life” Create Workplace Blind Spots
Currently, the ESW program limits support strictly to “work-related tasks”, excluding daily living activities such as personal care or eating—even when those are essential for job performance.
Mr. Kim, who used the service for four months, said:
“For me, mobility itself is part of my work, but when the line between work and daily life is unclear, it becomes difficult to ask for help.”
The case of a blind massage therapist who is a self-employed business owner in September highlights this problem. While non-employee business owners can receive assistance through the “work support worker” pilot project, the program remains too small to adequately include many self-employed severe PwD.
Following this incident, guidelines for personal care assistants were revised to allow support with business operations—such as transportation, meals, banking, and voucher management—but still exclude direct revenue-generating work like massage. However, the ESW program continues to exclude many daily-life-related tasks, leaving workers in difficult situations.
Workers emphasized that while clear program boundaries are important, the government must also interpret the concept of “work” more flexibly and ensure stable employment conditions for PwD.
💡 Call for a Shift from Quantity to Quality
KOFDO concluded that the ESW program should move from a “numbers-based, budget-centered” system toward a “quality-centered, personalized support” model reflecting each worker’s unique circumstances and work environment.
The organization stressed that disabled workers’ voices must be prioritized in decision-making and that their feedback should be institutionally reflected in policies to ensure their right to stable and dignified employment.
The appendix of this policy report also includes interviews with employment support workers, offering insights into their perspectives on the scope of work and the challenges of simultaneous support.
More to come in full: https://kofdo.kr/download/%ec%9e%a5%ec%95%a0%ec%9d%b8%ec%a0%95%ec%b1%85%eb%a6%ac%ed%8f%ac%ed%8a%b8-459%ed%98%b8/