Lammy Saphel Maternity and health care

23/08/2025

When was the last time you had any of this?

07/07/2025

13/03/2025

Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacteria. It spreads through contaminated water and food, leading to rapid dehydration and, if untreated, death.

Causes & Transmission:

Drinking contaminated water

Eating food contaminated by the bacteria

Poor sanitation and hygiene

Symptoms:

Profuse watery diarrhea ("rice water" stools)

Vomiting

Severe dehydration (dry mouth, sunken eyes, low urine output)

Rapid heart rate and low blood pressure

Treatment:

Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS): The first line of treatment to prevent dehydration

Intravenous (IV) Fluids: In severe cases

Antibiotics: Reduce the severity and duration of illness (e.g., doxycycline, azithromycin)

Zinc Supplements: Helpful, especially in children

Prevention:

Drink safe, clean water (boiled, filtered, or treated)

Wash hands with soap and clean water

Eat properly cooked food and wash fruits/vegetables thoroughly

Use proper sanitation (latrines, avoid open defecation)

Cholera vaccines (oral vaccines are available in some regions)

27/02/2025

If you have an ulcer or are advising someone with an ulcer, it's important to focus on foods that soothe the stomach, promote healing, and prevent irritation. Here are some good options:

Best Foods for Ulcer Patients

✅ Stomach-Friendly Foods

Fruits: Bananas, apples, pears, and melons (non-citrus fruits)

Vegetables: Leafy greens, carrots, cabbage (especially cabbage juice), broccoli

Whole Grains: Oatmeal, brown rice, whole wheat bread (if tolerated)

Lean Proteins: Skinless poultry, fish, eggs, tofu

Dairy: Low-fat yogurt, milk (if tolerated)

Healthy Fats: Olive oil, avocados

Probiotic-Rich Foods: Yogurt, kefir, fermented foods (to help with gut healing)

✅ Healing & Protective Foods

Cabbage juice (shown to help heal ulcers)

Garlic (natural antibacterial properties)

Honey (can soothe and promote healing)

Ginger (may reduce inflammation)

Foods to Avoid
❌ Spicy foods
❌ Acidic foods (tomatoes, citrus fruits)
❌ Fried & fatty foods
❌ Alcohol & caffeine (coffee, tea, soda)
❌ Carbonated drinks
❌ Processed foods

19/02/2025

Tingling in the leg can be caused by several factors, ranging from temporary issues to underlying medical conditions. Some common causes include:

1. Temporary Causes
Sitting or standing in one position for too long – This can compress nerves and restrict blood flow.

Crossing legs for extended periods – Can put pressure on nerves.

Wearing tight clothing or shoes – May compress nerves and affect circulation.

2. Nerve-related Causes
Sciatica – Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, causing tingling, numbness, or pain down the leg.

Pinched nerve – Can occur in the lower back or hip, leading to tingling sensations.

Peripheral neuropathy – Often caused by diabetes, leading to nerve damage in the legs and feet.

Herniated disc – Can press on spinal nerves, causing tingling, pain, or weakness in the legs.

3. Circulation Problems
Poor circulation – Due to conditions like peripheral artery disease (PAD), which restricts blood flow to the legs.

Blood clots – Can block circulation, causing tingling or numbness.

4. Medical Conditions
Diabetes – High blood sugar can damage nerves over time.

Vitamin deficiencies – Lack of B12, folate, or other essential nutrients can affect nerve function.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) – Can cause nerve damage, leading to tingling sensations.

5. Other Causes
Side effects of medications – Certain drugs, like chemotherapy or those for high blood pressure, can cause tingling.

Infections – Conditions like shingles or Lyme disease can affect nerves.

Alcohol abuse – Long-term excessive drinking can lead to nerve damage.

18/02/2025

Maintaining good kidney hygiene is essential for overall health and preventing kidney diseases. Here are some key tips:

1. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water (about 8 glasses daily) to help flush out toxins and prevent kidney stones and infections.

2. Eat a Kidney-Friendly Diet
Reduce salt intake to prevent high blood pressure, which can damage the kidneys.
Eat more fruits and vegetables, such as apples, berries, and leafy greens.
Limit processed foods and red meat to reduce strain on the kidneys.

3. Control Blood Pressure and Sugar Levels
High blood pressure and diabetes are major causes of kidney disease. Regularly check and manage your blood pressure and blood sugar.

4. Avoid Overuse of Painkillers
Frequent use of NSAIDs (like ibuprofen and diclofenac) can damage the kidneys over time. Only take them when necessary and in moderation.

5. Practice Good Hygiene
Drink plenty of water and urinate regularly to flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent infections.

6. Exercise Regularly
Engage in moderate activities like walking, jogging, or yoga to improve circulation and kidney function.

7. Avoid Smoking and Excess Alcohol
Smoking reduces blood flow to the kidneys, while excessive alcohol can increase toxin buildup and cause dehydration.

8. Get Regular Checkups
Routine kidney function tests can help detect problems early, especially if you have a family history of kidney disease.

10/02/2025

Body itching when exposed to heat, also known as heat rash (prickly heat) or cholinergic urticaria, can be caused by several factors:

1. Sweat Blockage (Heat Rash) – When sweat glands get blocked, sweat gets trapped under the skin, leading to irritation and itching.

2. Dry Skin – Heat can dry out the skin, making it more prone to itching.

3. Cholinergic Urticaria – This is a condition where the body reacts to heat or sweating by releasing histamines, causing itching and hives.

4. Allergic Reactions – Some people may be allergic to heat, fabric, or detergents that react with sweat.

5. Fungal or Bacterial Infections – Heat and moisture create a good environment for fungal infections like ringworm or candidiasis, which can cause itching.

6. Dehydration – Lack of water can make the skin more sensitive and prone to irritation.

To reduce itching, you can:
✔️ Stay in a cool environment
✔️ Wear loose, breathable clothing
✔️ Stay hydrated
✔️ Use mild soaps and moisturizers
✔️ Apply calamine lotion or antihistamines if needed

If the itching is severe or persistent, it might be worth seeing a healthcare professional.

07/02/2025

Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells, which affects their ability to communicate. This damage can result from various conditions, including:

1. Neurodegenerative Diseases (Progressive brain cell damage)

Alzheimer’s disease – The most common cause, linked to abnormal protein deposits (plaques and tangles).

Parkinson’s disease with dementia – Some people with Parkinson’s develop dementia over time.

Lewy body dementia – Caused by abnormal protein deposits in the brain.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) – Affects the frontal and temporal lobes, leading to personality and behavior changes.

2. Vascular Dementia (Reduced blood flow to the brain)

Stroke or mini-strokes (TIAs) can lead to brain damage.

Conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease increase the risk.

3. Infections and Immune System Disorders
HIV/AIDS, syphilis, and some autoimmune diseases (like multiple sclerosis) can cause dementia-like symptoms.

4. Head Injuries
Repeated concussions (e.g., from sports or accidents) can lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

5. Toxins and Substance Abuse

Long-term alcohol or drug use can lead to conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Heavy metal poisoning and exposure to harmful chemicals can also contribute.

6. Nutritional Deficiencies and Metabolic Disorders

Deficiencies in vitamin B12, thiamine (B1), and folate can lead to cognitive decline.

Thyroid disorders and liver or kidney diseases can also cause dementia-like symptoms.

7. Medications and Side Effects
Some sedatives, painkillers, or psychiatric drugs can cause confusion and memory loss.

Some causes of dementia are reversible, like vitamin deficiencies, medication side effects, or infections. However, many forms, such as Alzheimer’s, are progressive and currently have no cure.