07/11/2025
Important points
💚BREATH SOUNDS 💚
1. Normal lung – resonance
2. Emphysema – hyper resonance
3. Pulmonary edema — crackles
4. Pneumonia — stridor
5. Asthma — wheezing
💚Color of sputum
1. Blood-streaked sputum – inflammation of throat (larynx and/or trachea) or bronchi; lung cancer; other bleeding erosions, ulcers, or tumors of the lower airway.
2. Pink sputum – pulmonary edema.
3. Rust colored – by pneumococcal bacteria (in pneumonia)
4. Frothy and foamy white – earlier-phase pulmonary edema.
5. Productive yellow/green — TB
💚Color of discharges
1. Serosanguinous — pink-red
2. Sanguinous — bright red
3. Purulent — yellow, gray or green
💚Antibodies
1. IgG — immunity/protection
2. IgA — breastmilk and saliva
3. IgM — infection
4. IgE — allergy/parasite
5. IgD — B cells activation
📌BURNS affected
1. 1st degree — epidermis – painful
2. 2nd degree – corium – most painful – blister
3. 3rd degree — fatty tissue – painless-waxy white
4. 4th degree — muscle, bones–charred
💚Defense mechanism
1. Denial — alcoholism, death/loss,
2. Repression – not remembering a traumatic incident.
3. Regression – bumalik sa pagkabata like thumbsucking, temper tantrums and crawling
4. Displacement – ang galit sa iba ay binuhos sa ibang bagay like kicking dog, banging door, yelling to spouse.
5. Projection - attributing your thoughts, feelings, or motive to others example: a partner who is jealous of her significant other accuses the partner of being jealous. Yung mamatay ka na sa kakaselos pero,sinasabi mo na sya ang nagseselos.
💚BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES
1. AUTONOMY — respect decision making, informed consent
2. Beneficence — doing positive(good) actions that benefits patient (giving pain meds, or drugs)
3. NonMaleficence— doing no harm to patient, in any aspect of care (side rails, right dosage )
4. Fidelity — loyalty to patient, giving medication upon request of pt., keeping word of promises
5. Veracity — to tell the truth/honesty
