07/11/2025
Important points
ЁЯТЪBREATH SOUNDS ЁЯТЪ
1. Normal lung тАУ resonance
2. Emphysema тАУ hyper resonance
3. Pulmonary edema тАФ crackles
4. Pneumonia тАФ stridor
5. Asthma тАФ wheezing
ЁЯТЪColor of sputum
1. Blood-streaked sputum тАУ inflammation of throat (larynx and/or trachea) or bronchi; lung cancer; other bleeding erosions, ulcers, or tumors of the lower airway.
2. Pink sputum тАУ pulmonary edema.
3. Rust colored тАУ by pneumococcal bacteria (in pneumonia)
4. Frothy and foamy white тАУ earlier-phase pulmonary edema.
5. Productive yellow/green тАФ TB
ЁЯТЪColor of discharges
1. Serosanguinous тАФ pink-red
2. Sanguinous тАФ bright red
3. Purulent тАФ yellow, gray or green
ЁЯТЪAntibodies
1. IgG тАФ immunity/protection
2. IgA тАФ breastmilk and saliva
3. IgM тАФ infection
4. IgE тАФ allergy/parasite
5. IgD тАФ B cells activation
ЁЯУМBURNS affected
1. 1st degree тАФ epidermis тАУ painful
2. 2nd degree тАУ corium тАУ most painful тАУ blister
3. 3rd degree тАФ fatty tissue тАУ painless-waxy white
4. 4th degree тАФ muscle, bonesтАУcharred
ЁЯТЪDefense mechanism
1. Denial тАФ alcoholism, death/loss,
2. Repression тАУ not remembering a traumatic incident.
3. Regression тАУ bumalik sa pagkabata like thumbsucking, temper tantrums and crawling
4. Displacement тАУ ang galit sa iba ay binuhos sa ibang bagay like kicking dog, banging door, yelling to spouse.
5. Projection - attributing your thoughts, feelings, or motive to others example: a partner who is jealous of her significant other accuses the partner of being jealous. Yung mamatay ka na sa kakaselos pero,sinasabi mo na sya ang nagseselos.
ЁЯТЪBIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES
1. AUTONOMY тАФ respect decision making, informed consent
2. Beneficence тАФ doing positive(good) actions that benefits patient (giving pain meds, or drugs)
3. NonMaleficenceтАФ doing no harm to patient, in any aspect of care (side rails, right dosage )
4. Fidelity тАФ loyalty to patient, giving medication upon request of pt., keeping word of promises
5. Veracity тАФ to tell the truth/honesty