Physio orix.

23/09/2022

07/02/2022

Plantar fasciitis

17/11/2021

Prepatellar bursitis, commonly known as "housemaid's knee" and "clergyman's knee," involves swelling of 1 or more of the bursae at the front of the knee.

Prepatellar bursitis is often caused by pressure from constant kneeling. Plumbers, roofers, carpet layers, coal miners, and gardeners are at greater risk for developing the condition. A direct blow to the front of knee can also cause prepatellar bursitis

Bursitis is often mistaken for arthritis because joint pain is a symptom of both conditions. There are various types of arthritis that cause joint inflammation, including the autoimmune response of rheumatoid arthritis or the breaking down of cartilage in the joints in degenerative arthritis.

With knee bursitis, you may experience:

Swelling on the front of the knee.
Redness on the front of the knee.
Pain when you push with your fingers on the front of the knee.
Pain when kneeling.
Stiffness in the knee joint, or difficulty straightening or bending the knee

Your physiotherapist will work with you to design a specific treatment program that will speed your recovery, including exercises and treatments that you can do at home. Physical therapy will help you return to your normal lifestyle and activities. The time it takes to heal the condition varies, but results can be achieved in 2 to 8 weeks or less, when a proper swelling management, stretching, and strengthening program is implemented.
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28/10/2021

⚠️Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures. A seizure is a sudden rush of electrical activity in the brain.

🔴There are two main types of seizures. Generalized seizures affect the whole brain. Focal, or partial seizures, affect just one part of the brain.

A mild seizure may be difficult to recognize. It can last a few seconds during which you lack awareness.

Stronger seizures can cause spasms and uncontrollable muscle twitches, and can last a few seconds to several minutes. During a stronger seizure, some people become confused or lose consciousness. Afterward you may have no memory of it happening.

🔴There are several reasons you might have a seizure. These include:

➡️high fever
➡️head trauma
➡️very low blood sugar
➡️alcohol withdrawal

There’s no cure for epilepsy, but the disorder can be managed with medications and other strategies.

🔑Focal (partial) seizures
A simple partial seizure doesn’t involve loss of consciousness. Symptoms include:

➡️alterations to sense of taste, smell, sight, hearing, or touch
➡️dizziness
➡️tingling and twitching of limbs
➡️Complex partial seizures involve loss of awareness or consciousness. Other symptoms include:

➡️staring blankly
➡️unresponsiveness
➡️performing repetitive movements

🔑Generalized seizures
Generalized seizures involve the whole brain. There are six types:

ℹ️Absence seizures, which used to be called “petit mal seizures,” cause a blank stare. This type of seizure may also cause repetitive movements like lip smacking or blinking. There’s also usually a short loss of awareness.

ℹ️Tonic seizures cause muscle stiffness.

ℹ️Atonic seizures lead to loss of muscle control and can make you fall down suddenly.

ℹ️Clonic seizures are characterized by repeated, jerky muscle movements of the face, neck, and arms.

ℹ️Myoclonic seizures cause spontaneous quick twitching of the arms and legs.

ℹ️Tonic-clonic seizures used to be called “grand mal seizures.” Symptoms include:

➡️stiffening of the body
➡️shaking
➡️loss of bladder or bowel control
➡️biting of the tongue
➡️loss of consciousness

🔴What triggers an epileptic seizure?
Some people are able to identify things or situations that can trigger seizures.

A few of the most commonly reported triggers are:

➡️lack of sleep
➡️illness or fever
➡️stress
➡️bright lights, flashing lights, or patterns
caffeine, alcohol, medicines, or drugs
skipping meals, overeating, or specific food ingredients
A good way to find your triggers is to keep a seizure journal. After each seizure, note the following:

➡️day and time
➡️what activity you were involved in
➡️what was happening around you
➡️unusual sights, smells, or sounds
➡️unusual stressors
➡️what you were eating or how long it had been since you’d eaten
➡️your level of fatigue and how well you slept the night before

🔑You can also use your seizure journal to determine if your medications are working. Note how you felt just before and just after your seizure, and any side effects.

Bring the journal with you when you visit the doctor. It may be useful in adjusting your medications or exploring other treatments

🔴What causes epilepsy?
For 6 out of 10 people with epilepsy, the cause can’t be determined. A variety of things can lead to seizures.

Possible causes include:

➡️traumatic brain injury
➡️scarring on the brain after a brain injury (post-traumatic epilepsy)
➡️serious illness or very high fever
➡️stroke, which is a leading cause of epilepsy in people over age 35
➡️other vascular diseases
➡️lack of oxygen to the brain
➡️brain tumor or cyst
➡️dementia or Alzheimer’s disease
➡️maternal drug use, prenatal injury, brain malformation, or lack of oxygen at birth
infectious diseases such as AIDS and meningitis
➡️genetic or developmental disorders or neurological diseases
➡️Heredity plays a role in some types of epilepsy.

🔴Blood tests may be used to look for:

➡️signs of infectious diseases
➡️liver and kidney function
➡️blood glucose levels

➡️Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common test used in diagnosing epilepsy. First, electrodes are attached to your scalp with a paste. It’s a noninvasive, painless test. You may be asked to perform a specific task. In some cases, the test is performed during sleep. The electrodes will record the electrical activity of your brain. Whether you’re having a seizure or not, changes in normal brain wave patterns are common in epilepsy.

➡️Imaging tests can reveal tumors and other abnormalities that can cause seizures. These tests might include:

➡️CT scan
➡️MRI
➡️positron emission tomography (PET)
single-photon emission computerized tomography
➡️Epilepsy is usually diagnosed if you have seizures for no apparent or reversible reason.

🔴How is epilepsy treated?
Most people can manage epilepsy. Your treatment plan will be based on severity of symptoms, your health, and how well you respond to therapy.

Some treatment options include:

➡️Anti-epileptic (anticonvulsant, antiseizure) drugs: These medications can reduce the number of seizures you have. In some people, they eliminate seizures. To be effective, the medication must be taken exactly as prescribed.
➡️Vagus nerve stimulator: This device is surgically placed under the skin on the chest and electrically stimulates the nerve that runs through your neck. This can help prevent seizures.
➡️Ketogenic diet: More than half of people who don’t respond to medication benefit from this high fat, low carbohydrate diet.

🔴Dietary recommendations for people with epilepsy
➡️The ketogenic diet is often recommended for children with epilepsy. This diet is low in carbohydrates and high in fats. The diet forces the body to use fat for energy instead of glucose, a process called ketosis.

➡️The diet requires a strict balance between fats, carbohydrates, and protein. That’s why it’s best to work with a nutritionist or dietitian. Children on this diet must be carefully monitored by a doctor.

➡️The ketogenic diet doesn’t benefit everybody. But when followed properly, it’s often successful in reducing the frequency of seizures. It works better for some types of epilepsy than others.

➡️For adolescents and adults with epilepsy, a modified Atkins diet may be recommended. This diet is also high in fat and involves a controlled carb intake.

➡️About half of adults who try the modified Atkins diet experience fewer seizures. Results may be seen as quickly as a few months.

Because these diets tend to be low in fiber and high in fat, constipation is a common side effect.

➡️Talk to your doctor before starting a new diet and make sure you’re getting vital nutrients. In any case, not eating processed foods can help improve your health.

ℹ️Epilepsy and behavior: Is there a connection?
Children with epilepsy tend to have more learning and behavioral problems than those who don’t. Sometimes there’s a connection. But these problems aren’t always caused by epilepsy.

Some people experience a change in behavior in the minutes or hours before a seizure. This could be related to abnormal brain activity preceding a seizure, and may include:

➡️inattentiveness
➡️irritability
➡️hyperactivity
➡️aggressiveness
Children with epilepsy may experience uncertainty in their lives. The prospect of a sudden seizure in front of friends and classmates can be stressful. These feelings can cause a child to act out or withdraw from social situations.

Antiseizure medications can also have an effect on behavior. Switching or making adjustments to medication may help.

You might also benefit from individual therapy, family therapy, or joining a support group to help you cope.

ℹ️Living with epilepsy: What to expect
Epilepsy is chronic disorder that can affect many parts of your life.

ℹ️Laws vary from state to state, but if your seizures aren’t well controlled, you may not be allowed to drive.

Because you never know when a seizure will occur, many everyday activities like crossing a busy street, can become dangerous. These problems can lead to loss of independence.

🔴Some other complications of epilepsy may include:

➡️risk of permanent damage or death due to severe seizures that last more than five minutes (status epilepticus)
➡️risk of recurring seizures without regaining consciousness in between (status epilepticus)
sudden unexplained death in epilepsy, which affects only about 1 percent of people with epilepsy
🔑In addition to regular doctor visits and following your treatment plan, here are some things you can do to cope:

➡️Keep a seizure diary to help identify possible triggers so you can avoid them.
➡️Wear a medical alert bracelet so people know what to do if you have a seizure and can’t speak.
➡️Teach the people closest to you about seizures and what to do in an emergency.
➡️Seek professional help for symptoms of depression or anxiety.
➡️Join a support group for people with seizu kire disorders.
➡️Take care of your health by eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise.

🔴Epileptic seizure first aid
If you are with someone having a tonic-clonic seizure (where the body stiffens, followed by general muscle jerking), try to:

➡️Stay calm and remain with the person.
➡️If they have food or fluid in their mouth, roll them onto their side immediately.
➡️Keep them safe and protect them from injury.
➡️Place something soft under their head and loosen any tight clothing.
➡️Reassure the person until they recover.
➡️Time the seizure, if you can.
➡️Gently roll the person onto their side after the jerking stops.
➡️Do not put anything into their mouth or restrain or move the person, unless they are in danger.

28/10/2021

⚠️Paralysis

Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia.

Paralysis refers to temporary or permanent loss of voluntary muscle movement in a body part or region.

People can experience localized, generalized, partial, or complete paralysis.

🔑What is paralysis?
Stroke, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy can cause paralysis.
Paralysis is the loss of voluntary muscle function in one or more parts of the body as a result of damage to the nervous system.

The nervous system has two parts:

ℹ️the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord.
ℹ️the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which contains the nerves outside of the CNS
The nerve cells, or neurons, in the PNS serve several functions.

Motor neurons, for instance, regulate muscle movement. Sensory neurons send information — about pressure, pain, and temperature, for example — to the CNS.

Paralysis occurs when nerve signals are interrupted as a result of damage to the nerves, spinal cord, or brain.

🔴Types
Doctors classify paralysis based on the following characteristics:

ℹ️Severity
The degree of muscle function loss determines the severity of paralysis.

Partial paralysis, or paresis, causes significant muscle weakness and impaired movement. However, people with paresis retain a small degree of control over the affected muscles.

Complete paralysis occurs when a person cannot move the affected body part.

ℹ️Duration
Duration refers to how long the paralysis lasts.

Some medical conditions, such as sleep paralysis, stroke, and Bell’s palsy, can cause temporary paralysis. Over time, people can regain partial or complete control over the affected muscles.

Other conditions that can cause the problem temporarily include hyperkalemic or hypokalemic periodic paralysis. They occur as a result of mutations that affect the CACNA1S or SCN4A genes.

These genes carry instructions for making proteins that transport sodium and calcium ions into and out of muscle cells. The flow of ions within muscle cells helps produce muscle contractions and movement.

Disruptions in the ion flow can lead to periodic episodes of muscle weakness and paralysis.

Meanwhile, severe head or neck injuries and neuromuscular disorders can lead to permanent paralysis.

ℹ️Location
Localized paralysis affects a small area of the body, such as the face, hands, or feet.

Generalized paralysis affects a larger area, including multiple parts of the body.

🔴Types of paralysis include:

➡️Monoplegia: This affects one area, such as one arm or leg.
➡️Hemiplegia: This affects one arm and one leg on the same side of the body.
➡️Paraplegia: Also called lower body paralysis, this affects both legs and sometimes the hips and organs in the lower abdomen.
➡️Quadriplegia: This affects both arms and legs, and sometimes muscles in the trunk, the functions of internal organs, or both.

🔑Muscle tension
Flaccid paralysis damages the lower motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle movement. Over time, the muscles shrink or deteriorate.

Flaccid paralysis is a common complication of polio, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source.

Other causes include inflammation of the spinal cord, also called myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rareTrusted Source autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the PNS.

Spastic paralysis causes muscle stiffness, involuntary spasms, and muscle weakness. This form of paralysis can result from spinal cord injuries, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, or hereditary spastic paraplegia.

🔴Symptoms
Symptoms vary, depending on the type and cause of the issue. The most common paralysis symptom is the loss of muscle function in one or more parts of the body.

Other symptoms that may accompany paralysis include:

➡️numbness or pain in the affected muscles
muscle weakness
➡️visible signs of muscle loss (muscle atrophy)
➡️stiffness
➡️involuntary spasms or twitches

🔴Causes

➡️stroke
➡️spinal cord injury
➡️cerebral palsy
➡️multiple sclerosis
Muscle weakness and paralysis result from damage to the nervous system, which any of the health problems above can cause.

A healthy nervous system sends information back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body. Signals from the brain travel down the spinal cord and into the peripheral nerves throughout the body.

The peripheral nerves regulate numerous functions, including:

➡️automatic functions, such as breathing and digestion
➡️voluntary muscle movements, such as walking and chewing
➡️sensory functions, such as pain, temperature, and pressure detection
➡️Damage to any part of the nervous system can have severe effects on a person’s overall health and quality of life.

🔴Some other possible causes of nervous system damage and resulting muscle weakness or paralysis include:

➡️brain or spinal cord tumors
➡️infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and polio
➡️spina bifida, or the incomplete development of the brain, spine, or spinal cord
➡️motor neuron diseases, such as ALS and primary lateral sclerosis
➡️autoimmune diseases, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and lupus
inherited disorders, including spinal muscular atrophy and hypo- or hyperkalemic partial paralysis.

🔴Treatments
Temporary paralysis, such as that caused by Bell’s palsy or stroke, may resolve on its own without medical treatment.

Also, when paralysis results from a spinal cord injury or chronic neurological condition, a person may recover partial muscle control.

🔴Available treatments include:

➡️physical therapy
➡️occupational therapy
➡️mobility devices, such as braces, walkers, and wheelchairs
➡️medications
➡️Emotional and social support can also play vital roles in a person’s treatment.

🔴 Exercise

ℹ️Passive exercise involves assisting your affected limbs through a movement. This is where stroke patients with paralysis should start. Passive exercise helps with paralysis recovery because it involves using your non-affected side to move your paralyzed muscles; and any type of movement sends signals to the brain.

25/10/2021

*What is OSTEOPOROSIS?*
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that *WEAKENS THE BONES* and *INCREASES THE RISK OF FRACTURES*. It is a “silent disease,” because bone loss occurs without symptoms.

*RISK FACTORS*
Women and postmenopausal women
Men with significant smoking history
Family history
Inactive lifestyle
Getting older
Alcohol
Smoking
Calcium and vitamin D deficiency

*DIAGNOSIS*
Bone densitometry (DEXA) X-ray:

Detects osteoporosis before a fracture occurs
Predicts chances of fracturing in the future
Determines rate of bone loss
Monitors the effects of treatment

*TREATMENT*
Follow your doctor’s recommendations.

Take calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Eat dairy and dark leafy and green vegetables.
Take prescribed medications.

*PREVENTION*
Walk or jog regularly.
Eat dairy products and dark leafy and green vegetables daily.
Limit alcohol intake.
Stop smoking.
Take calcium and vitamin D supplements.

*ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN OSTEOPOROSIS*
If you are diagnosed with osteoporosis or low bone density, your physical therapist will work with you to: Build bone or lessen the amount of bone loss at areas most vulnerable to fracture through exercise—hip, spine, shoulder, arms. Improve your dynamic balance to avoid falls.

31/08/2021

Best exercise for adhesive capsulitis