24/08/2025
1. *Normal Neutrophils*: These are mature white blood cells with a multilobed nucleus (usually 3-5 lobes) and fine, evenly distributed granules in the cytoplasm. They play a key role in fighting infections.
2. *Band Neutrophils*: Also known as stab neutrophils or band forms, these are immature neutrophils. They have a non-segmented, band-shaped nucleus and are often seen in increased numbers in response to infections or inflammation, indicating a shift to the left in the differential count.
3. *Toxic Granulations Neutrophils*: These neutrophils contain coarse, dark-staining granules in the cytoplasm, often seen in severe infections, inflammation, or toxic conditions. The granules are thought to be abnormal azurophilic granules. Toxic neutrophils can also exhibit other features like Döhle bodies (small, blue-gray cytoplasmic inclusions).
4. *Hypersegmented Neutrophil*: As mentioned earlier, these are neutrophils with more than the usual number of nuclear lobes (often 6 or more). This is a hallmark of megaloblastic anemia, typically due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Hypersegmentation can also be seen in other conditions.
Muhammad UMER 💜👨🏻🔬
Clinical Microbiologist
PhD Microbiology
