15/11/2024
Questions and Answers
1.
Which is the correct order of development?
A.
Head CT, Body CT, Spiral CT, Multislice CT
B.
Spiral CT, Body CT, Head CT, Multislice CT
C.
Multislice CT, Spiral CT, Head CT, Body CT
D.
They all were developed at the same time.
Correct Answer
A. Head CT, Body CT, Spiral CT, Multislice CT
Explanation
The correct order of development is Head CT, Body CT, Spiral CT, Multislice CT. This is because head CT was the first to be developed, followed by body CT, then spiral CT, and finally multislice CT.
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2.
He developed basic mathematical equation which made computed tomography possible
A.
Radon
B.
Cormack
C.
Hounsfield
D.
Frank
Correct Answer
B. Cormack
Explanation
Cormack developed the mathematical equations that were fundamental in the development of computed tomography. These equations allowed for the reconstruction of images from X-ray measurements, making it possible to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. Without Cormack's contributions, computed tomography would not have been possible.
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3.
Which of the following won the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on computed tomography?
A.
Radon and Cormack
B.
Radon and Hounsfield
C.
Hounsfield and Cormack
D.
Johnson and Hounsfield
Correct Answer
C. Hounsfield and Cormack
Explanation
The correct answer is Hounsfield and Cormack. In 1979, Sir Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their independent development of computed tomography (CT), a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. Their work revolutionized medical diagnostics and has had a significant impact on the field of radiology.
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4.
Which of the following are limitations of CT?
A.
Spatial resolution
B.
Relatively high patient dose
C.
Z axis reformation
D.
Distinct artifacts
E.
They all are limitations
Correct Answer
E. They all are limitations
Explanation
The correct answer is that all of the options listed are limitations of CT. Spatial resolution refers to the ability of CT to distinguish small structures, and it is limited by factors such as detector size and pixel size. CT also exposes patients to relatively high doses of radiation compared to other imaging modalities. Z-axis reformation refers to the ability to reconstruct images in the axial plane, and limitations in this area can affect image quality. Finally, CT can produce distinct artifacts that can degrade image quality and potentially lead to incorrect diagnoses.
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5.
The principle advantage of CT imaging over other x-ray imaging is:
A.
Faster throughput
B.
Improved contrast resolution
C.
Improved spatial resolution
D.
Decreased patient dose
Correct Answer
B. Improved contrast resolution
Explanation
CT imaging has a principle advantage over other x-ray imaging techniques because it provides improved contrast resolution. This means that CT scans can distinguish between different tissues or structures with greater clarity and accuracy. This is particularly beneficial when trying to identify and differentiate between abnormalities or diseases within the body. Improved contrast resolution helps to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of CT imaging, allowing for more accurate and precise diagnoses.
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6.
Computed Tomography results in:
A.
Transverse Image
B.
Axial Image
C.
Transaxial Image
D.
All of the above
E.
Not all but more than one of the above
Correct Answer
E. Not all but more than one of the above
Explanation
Computed Tomography (CT) results in more than one type of image. It produces transverse images, which are also known as axial images, as well as transaxial images. Therefore, the correct answer is "Not all but more than one of the above."
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7.
He originally applied reconstruction techniques in nuclear medicine ten years before he developed reconstruction techniques for computed tomography:
A.
Radon
B.
Hounsfield
C.
Roentgen
D.
Cormack
Correct Answer
D. Cormack
Explanation
Cormack originally applied reconstruction techniques in nuclear medicine before developing reconstruction techniques for computed tomography.
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8.
It may be described as a radiograph obtained with a moving source image receptor assembly:
A.
Computed Tomography
B.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
C.
Positron Emission Imaging
D.
Conventional Tomography
Correct Answer
D. Conventional TomograpHy
Explanation
Conventional tomography involves obtaining a radiograph with a moving source image receptor assembly. This technique allows for the visualization of specific planes of the body by blurring out structures above and below the plane of interest. Computed tomography (CT) uses a rotating X-ray source and detector to create cross-sectional images, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images. Positron emission imaging (PET) uses a radioactive tracer to produce functional images. Therefore, the correct answer is conventional tomography.
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9.
Scatter radiation:
A.
Reduces radiographic contrast resolution
B.
Improve radiographic quality
C.
Improves resolution
D.
Reduces motions
Correct Answer
A. Reduces radiograpHic contrast resolution
Explanation
Scatter radiation refers to the radiation that is scattered in different directions after interacting with the patient's body during a radiographic procedure. This scattered radiation can cause a decrease in the contrast resolution of the resulting image. Contrast resolution refers to the ability to distinguish between different shades of gray in an image, and a reduction in this resolution can make it more difficult to identify subtle differences in tissue density. Therefore, scatter radiation reduces radiographic contrast resolution.
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10.
The development of CT required the emergence and improvement in:
A.
Hounsfield units
B.
Size of the CT units
C.
Floor plan of the imaging suite
D.
Digital computer and special mathematics
Correct Answer
D. Digital computer and special mathematics
Explanation
The development of CT required the emergence and improvement in digital computer and special mathematics. This is because CT scans involve the use of mathematical algorithms to reconstruct images from the raw data acquired by the scanner. The digital computer is needed to process and analyze the large amount of data collected during the scan. Special mathematics, such as Fourier transform and matrix operations, are used to perform the complex calculations required for image reconstruction. Without the advancements in digital computer technology and special mathematics, CT scans would not be possible.
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11.
He demonstrated the first CT Scanner in 1972 using special mathematical sequence:
A.
Cormack
B.
Hounsfield
C.
Radon
D.
Roentgen
Correct Answer
B. Hounsfield
Explanation
Hounsfield is the correct answer because he played a crucial role in the development of the first CT scanner. In 1972, Hounsfield demonstrated the first CT scanner using a special mathematical sequence. His work revolutionized medical imaging by allowing doctors to obtain detailed cross-sectional images of the body. Cormack, Radon, and Roentgen are not directly associated with the development of the CT scanner, making Hounsfield the correct choice.
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12.
Which are the following are advantages of CT over conventional radiography?
A.
Better contrast resolution
B.
Better spatial resolution
C.
Superimposition of tissue
D.
More scatter radiation
Correct Answer
A. Better contrast resolution
Explanation
CT (Computed Tomography) offers better contrast resolution compared to conventional radiography. This means that CT scans can differentiate between tissues with similar densities more effectively, allowing for clearer and more detailed images. This advantage is particularly useful in detecting subtle abnormalities or lesions that may not be visible on conventional radiographs. By providing improved contrast resolution, CT scans enhance diagnostic accuracy and aid in better patient care.
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13.
Computed Tomography results in:
A.
Analog Image
B.
Linear Image
C.
Digital Image
D.
Curvilinear Image
Correct Answer
C. Digital Image
Explanation
Computed Tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. These images are generated by a computer, which converts the X-ray data into a digital format. Therefore, the correct answer is "Digital Image" as CT results in the production of digital images that can be manipulated and analyzed by medical professionals for diagnostic purposes.
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14.
Which of the following terms does not fit?
A.
Section
B.
Slice
C.
Tomos
D.
Axial
E.
Unit
Correct Answer
E. Unit
Explanation
The terms section, slice, tomos, and axial all refer to a part or division of something. However, the term "unit" does not fit because it does not specifically refer to a part or division, but rather a single entity or a standard of measurement.
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15.
Computed tomography may be identified as:
A.
Emission tomography
B.
Transmission tomography
C.
Reflected tomography
D.
Temporal tomography
E.
Volumetrictomograph
Correct Answer
B. Transmission tomograpHy
Explanation
Computed tomography is a medical imaging technique that uses X-ray beams to create cross-sectional images of the body. It is commonly referred to as transmission tomography because it involves the transmission of X-rays through the body to create the images. This technique allows for the visualization of internal structures and can help in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.
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16.
A characteristic feature of a projection radiograph is:
A.
Poor spatial resolution
B.
Lengthy data acquisition
C.
Difficult quality control parameters
D.
Tissue superimposition
Correct Answer
D. Tissue superimposition
Explanation
A characteristic feature of a projection radiograph is tissue superimposition. This means that different layers of tissue in the body may overlap on the radiograph, making it difficult to distinguish individual structures. This can be a limitation in terms of spatial resolution, as it may reduce the clarity and detail of the image. However, it is a common feature in projection radiography and is often managed through different positioning techniques and imaging modalities.
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17.
Which of the following finds application in bone mineral assay for evaluation of osteoporosis?
A.
Radioisotope emission tomography
B.
Conventional radiography
C.
CT
D.
Projection radiography
Correct Answer
C. CT
Explanation
CT (Computed Tomography) finds application in bone mineral assay for evaluation of osteoporosis. CT scans use X-ray technology to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body. In the case of bone mineral assay, CT can provide precise measurements of bone density, which is crucial in diagnosing osteoporosis. This imaging technique allows for the detection of even small changes in bone density and can help in monitoring the progression of the disease. Therefore, CT is a valuable tool in evaluating osteoporosis and assessing the effectiveness of treatment.
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18.
Which of the following imaging modalities appeared first?
A.
Emission imaging with radioisotopes
B.
Diagnostic ultrasound
C.
Projection radiography
D.
Electron beam CT
E.
Spiral CT
Correct Answer
C. Projection radiograpHy
Explanation
Projection radiography, also known as X-ray imaging, is the oldest and most widely used imaging modality among the options provided. It was discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and quickly became a valuable tool in medical diagnostics. Projection radiography involves passing X-rays through the body and capturing the resulting image on a film or digital detector. It has been used for over a century to visualize bones, organs, and other internal structures, making it the first imaging modality to be developed.
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19.
Which of the following is the characteristic of a first generation CT Scanner?
A.
Detector array
B.
Fan beam
C.
Pencil beam
D.
Slip ring technology
Correct Answer
C. Pencil beam
Explanation
A first-generation CT scanner is characterized by the use of a pencil beam. This means that the scanner emits a narrow, pencil-like beam of X-rays that rotates around the patient to capture images from different angles. The pencil beam method was the earliest technique used in CT scanning and was later replaced by fan beam technology in subsequent generations of scanners.
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20.
Which of the following CT imagers is often referred to as the heart scan?
A.
Second generation
B.
Third generation
C.
Fourth generation
D.
Electron beam
E.
Spiral
Correct Answer
D. Electron beam
Explanation
The correct answer is electron beam. Electron beam CT imaging, also known as EBT (Electron Beam Tomography), is often referred to as the heart scan. It is a specialized type of CT imaging that uses a focused electron beam instead of a traditional X-ray tube to produce images. This technology is particularly useful for imaging the heart and detecting coronary artery disease.
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21.
Which of the following is a particular characteristic of fourth generation CT Scanners?
A.
Fan x-ray beam geometry
B.
Multielement detector array
C.
Rotate-translate motion
D.
Fixed detector array
Correct Answer
D. Fixed detector array
Explanation
A particular characteristic of fourth generation CT scanners is a fixed detector array. This means that the detectors are stationary and do not move during the scanning process. This design allows for faster and more efficient image acquisition as the detectors are constantly in position to receive the x-ray beams. It also eliminates the need for complex mechanical movements, reducing the chances of mechanical failure and improving the overall reliability of the scanner.
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22.
Which of the following CT Scanners has no mechanical moving parts in the gantry?
A.
Second generation
B.
Third generation
C.
Fourth generation
D.
Electron beam
E.
Spiral
Correct Answer
D. Electron beam
Explanation
The correct answer is electron beam. Electron beam CT scanners use a stationary gantry, meaning that they do not have any mechanical moving parts in the gantry. Instead, they use an electron beam to generate the x-rays needed for imaging. This technology allows for faster scanning times and reduces the risk of mechanical failures compared to scanners with moving parts in the gantry.
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23.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a first generation CT Scanner?
A.
Detector array
B.
Fan beam
C.
Five minute imaging time
D.
Subsecond imaging time
Correct Answer
C. Five minute imaging time
Explanation
A characteristic of a first-generation CT scanner is a five-minute imaging time. This means that it takes approximately five minutes to complete the imaging process using this type of scanner. First-generation CT scanners were known for their relatively long imaging times compared to more advanced generations.
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24.
Which of the following features led to the development of the spiral CT Scanner?
A.
Megaheat unit x-ray tubes
B.
Molybdenum/rhodium targeted x-ray tubes
C.
Electronic slip ring
D.
High frequency generatiors
Correct Answer
C. Electronic slip ring
Explanation
The development of the spiral CT Scanner was led by the electronic slip ring feature. The electronic slip ring allows for continuous rotation of the CT scanner gantry, which is necessary for the spiral or helical scanning technique. This technique enables the acquisition of volumetric data in a single breath-hold, resulting in faster and more accurate imaging. The electronic slip ring ensures a continuous power supply and data transfer between the rotating gantry and the stationary components of the CT scanner, allowing for seamless image acquisition.
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25.
Ring artifacts are characteristic of:
A.
First generation
B.
Second generation
C.
Third generation
D.
Fourth generation
Correct Answer
C. Third generation
Explanation
Ring artifacts are characteristic of third generation CT scanners. These artifacts appear as circular bands or rings in the reconstructed images and are caused by imperfections in the detector array. In third generation scanners, the detector array is stationary and surrounds the patient, resulting in a more uniform distribution of X-ray photons. However, due to variations in detector sensitivity, these rings can appear in the images. Fourth generation scanners, on the other hand, use a rotating X-ray source and a stationary detector ring, which eliminates ring artifacts.
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26.
Which of the following is characteristic of a second generation CT Scanner?
A.
Able to image head only, not body
B.
Five minute imaging time
C.
Pencil shaped x-ray beam
D.
Translate - rotate motion
Correct Answer
D. Translate - rotate motion
Explanation
A second generation CT scanner is characterized by its ability to perform a translate-rotate motion. This means that the scanner moves the patient through a translating motion while rotating around them, allowing for a complete scan of the body. This type of motion enables the scanner to capture detailed images of not only the head but also the entire body. The other options mentioned, such as imaging time and x-ray beam shape, are not specific characteristics of a second generation CT scanner.
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27.
The principle advantage of electron beam CT is:
A.
Imaging without x-rays
B.
Large volume imaging
C.
Removal of ring artifacts
D.
Subsecond imaging time
Correct Answer
A. Imaging without x-rays
Explanation
Electron beam CT offers the principle advantage of imaging without x-rays. Unlike traditional CT scans that use x-rays to create images, electron beam CT uses an electron beam to generate images. This technique eliminates the need for ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for patients who may be sensitive to or have concerns about radiation exposure. Additionally, imaging without x-rays allows for better visualization of soft tissues and improved detection of certain abnormalities.
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28.
During spiral CT, the motion of the patient couch is:
A.
Stationary
B.
Rotating
C.
Advanced step wise
D.
Alternating advance retreat
E.
Continuously advanced
Correct Answer
E. Continuously advanced
Explanation
During spiral CT, the motion of the patient couch is continuously advanced. This means that the patient is continuously moved through the CT scanner while the images are being captured. This allows for a seamless scanning process without the need to stop and reposition the patient between each image. Continuous advancement of the patient couch ensures that the entire area of interest is covered during the scan, resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate examination.
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29.
Which of the following CT Scanners will most likely have the fastest scan time?
A.
Second generation
B.
Third generation
C.
Fourth generation
D.
Spiral
E.
Electron beam
Correct Answer
D. Spiral
Explanation
A spiral CT scanner is likely to have the fastest scan time compared to the other options listed. Spiral CT scanners use a continuous rotation of the X-ray tube and detector around the patient, allowing for faster image acquisition. This technology enables the scanner to capture images of the entire body in a single breath-hold, resulting in quicker scan times. In contrast, second, third, and fourth-generation CT scanners use a step-and-shoot method, where the X-ray tube and detector move in discrete steps, slowing down the scanning proces
