25/09/2022
: *Define Healing...?*
Whenever tissue is injured, the body reacts, usually in the form of inflammation and haemostasis. With time, the body attempts to restore normal structure and function – this process is : Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper sequence and time frame
: *What is the process of healing?*
Wound healing is classically divided into 4 stages: (A) hemostasis, (B) inflammation, (C) proliferation, and (D) remodeling. Each stage is characterized by key molecular and cellular events and is coordinated by a host of secreted factors that are recognized and released by the cells of the wounding response.
*Two pattern of wound healing?*
There are two main types of healing, primary intention and secondary intention. In both types, there are four stages which occur; haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In this article, we shall look the mechanisms of wound healing, factors affecting healing, and wound inf
: *Factors influencing wound healing..?*
The factors discussed include oxygenation, infection, age and s*x hormones, stress, diabetes, obesity, medications, alcoholism, smoking, and nutrition. A better understanding of the influence of these factors on repair may lead to therapeutics that improve wound healing and resolve impaired wounds.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817: *Define thrombosis...?*
Thrombosis occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries. Symptoms include pain and swelling in one leg, chest pain, or numbness on one side of the body. Complications of thrombosis can be life-threatening, such as a stroke or heart attack.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817: *Different between thrombosis and embolism...?*
Difference between thrombosis and embolism?
Thrombosis occurs when a thrombus, or blood clot, develops in a blood vessel and reduces the flow of blood through the vessel. Embolism occurs when a piece of a blood clot, foreign object, or other bodily substance becomes stuck in a blood vessel and largely obstructs the flow of blood.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817: *Name of common sites of Arterials thrombosis...?*
Arterial emboli often occur in the legs and feet. Emboli that occur in the brain cause a stroke. Ones that occur in the heart cause a heart attack. Less common sites include the kidneys, intestines, and eyes.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817: *Why thrombosis is more common in venouscirculation.?*
Injury to a vein, such as from surgery, a broken bone, or other trauma. Lack of movement, such as after surgery or on a long trip. Inherited blood clotting disorders. A central venous catheter.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817: *HYPERPLASIA...?*
Basic description: Increase in the number of cells. Types of hyperplasia. ++ Physiologic hyperplasia: Occurs due to a normal stressor. For example, increase in the size of the breasts during pregnancy, increase in thickness of endometrium during menstrual cycle, and liver growth after partial resection.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*HYPERTROPHY....?*
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells (or tissues) in response to various stimuli. A typical example is muscular hypertrophy in response to exercise. Exercise stimulates skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers to increase in diameter and to accumulate more structural contractile proteins.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*ATROPHY.....?*
Any weakening or degeneration (especially through lack of use). Undergo atrophy; Muscles that are not used will atrophy. The reduction in size of tissue or organ, possibly after disease. For example when breaking an arm, the arm is temporarily put in a cast for the bone to heal in position.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817
: *METAPLASIA....?*
Metaplasia is the conversion of one adult tissue type into another, related and more durable, tissue type. The most prevalent examples are conversion of fibrous tissue into bone, or columnar mucosal epithelium into stratified squamous epithelium.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*DEFINITION OF INFARCTION...?*
Infarction is tissue death or necrosis due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area. It may be caused by artery blockage, rupture, mechanical compression, or vasoconstriction. Infarction care is divided based on histopathology (white infarction and red infarction) and location (heart, brain, lung, etc.).
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817
*DYSTROPHY....?*
: a condition produced by faulty nutrition waters with a high fluorine content are responsible for the dental dystrophy known as mottled enamel — Lancet. 2 : any myogenic atrophy especially : muscular dystrophy.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*THREE MAIN CAUSES OF INFARCTION....?*
Infarction is tissue death or necrosis due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area. It may be caused by artery blockage, rupture, mechanical compression, or vasoconstriction
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*CHRONIC INFLAMMATION....?*
Chronic inflammation is also referred to as slow, long-term inflammation lasting for prolonged periods of several months to years. Generally, the extent and effects of chronic inflammation vary with the cause of the injury and the ability of the body to repair and overcome the damage.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*SHOCK DEFINITION.....?*
Shock is an acute widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion that invokes an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand, anaerobic metabolism, lactic acidosis, cellular and organ dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, and, if prolonged, irreversible damage and death.
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817: *DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHOCK....?*
The main types of shock include:
Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problems)
Hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood volume)
Anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic reaction)
Septic shock (due to infections)
Neurogenic shock (caused by damage to the nervous system)
[25/09, 11:23] +92 348 9599817:
*SEPTIC SHOCK...?*
Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that happens when your blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after an infection. Any type of bacteria can cause the infection. Fungi such as candida and viruses can also be a cause, although this is rare. At first the infection can lead to a reaction called
