Dr siciid

28/12/2024

28/07/2021

explaination #1. (B) Generally, the interpretation of tuberculin skin test (TST) is the same regardless of BCG status. Induration >5 mm is considered positive in children in close contact with known or suspected cases of tuberculosis disease or children suspected to have tuberculosis disease. Induration >10 mm is considered positive in children at greater risk of disseminated disease (age 15 mm is positive in children >4 years without any risk factors. Radiographic evaluation of all children with positive TST is recommended. Latent tuberculosis infection is defined as an infection in a person with a positive TST, no physical findings of the disease, and a chest radiograph that is either normal or reveals only granulomas or calcifications in the lungs or regional lymph nodes. Children with latent tuberculosis infection should receive prophylaxis, usually 9 months of INH. Those with symptoms, signs, and/or radiographic manifestations are said to have tuberculosis disease. There is no benefit to repeating the test in 3–6 months, and it will delay treatment. Sputum cultures are difficult to obtain in younger children. Gastric aspirate specimens obtained with a nasogastric tube are preferred. Culture material should be obtained in children with evidence of the disease in order to obtain information on drug susceptibility and resistance patterns.

(Reference: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006, pp. 678–697)

15/04/2021

A 48-year-old White woman with an unremarkable medical history presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of malaise and abdominal pain. The initial evaluation at another hospital showed mild anemia and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 13,000 per cubic millimeter [reference range, 150,000 to 400,000]).
A peripheral-blood smear confirmed a marked reduction in the platelet count with occasional schistocytes. Additional studies showed a low fibrinogen level (89 mg per deciliter [reference range, 220 to 397]), a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (41 seconds [reference range, 25 to 37]), and a marked elevation in the d-dimer level (117.5 mg per liter [reference value,

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly general medical journal that publishes new medical research and review articles, and editorial opinion on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice.

20/03/2021

Radiology

Lung disease Four-Pattern Approach Robin Smithuis Radiology Department of the Rijnland Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands Publicationdate 2014-02-01 On a chest x-ray lung abnormalities will either present as areas of increased density or as areas of decreased density.Lung abnormalities with an in...

01/01/2021

15/11/2020

● Administration of NSAIDs during the latter trimester of pregnancy may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus, fetal renal impairment, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and delay labor and delivery.
● The use of drugs known to inhibit cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin synthesis may impair female fertility; consider withdrawal of NSAIDs in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility.

08/11/2020

Amniotic band

07/11/2020

Chest X-ray findings:
Snowman sign or figure 8
Due to TAPVR

21/10/2020

The x-ray picture below clearly states the type of pressure being put on bones when one wears high heels. So it is not surprising that it puts a risk of bone degeneration and osteoarthritis on women...

:
Females should stop wearing high heels shoes

17/10/2020

Spot Dx

06/10/2020

▪︎Although most infants successfully transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life without any special assistance, approximately 10 percent of newborns will need some intervention, and 1 percent will require extensive resuscitative measures at birth.
▪︎Because the need for resuscitation is not anticipated in the majority of neonates, personnel who are adequately trained should be readily available to perform neonatal resuscitation at every birthing location, whether or not problems are anticipated.
▪︎Infants who are more likely to require resuscitation can be identified by maternal and neonatal risk factors, and the presence of antepartum and delivery room complications.
▪︎Care providers skilled in neonatal resuscitation should be present and equipment should be prepared prior to the birth of the high-risk infant.
▪︎Preterm infants are more likely to require resuscitation and develop complications from resuscitation than term infants.
▪︎ If a preterm birth can be anticipated and time permits, it is preferable to transfer the mother prior to delivery to a perinatal center.
:
▪︎Initial care includes providing warmth to the infant, clearing his/her airway, and drying and stimulating the infant.
▪︎Further intervention is required for infants who are preterm, do not have good muscle tone, and are not breathing or crying.
▪︎For infants who are apneic or gasping and have a heart rate < 100 beats/min (bpm), positive pressure ventilation (PPV) provided by bag-mask ventilation (BMV) is initiated at a rate of 40 to 60 breaths/min.
▪︎Pulse oximetry is used to continuously monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2).
▪︎Intubation or use of a laryngeal mask airway is needed if positive pressure ventilation is ineffective or prolonged, or chest compressions are being performed.
▪︎Chest compressions are required if the infant's heart rate remains