Nyuon Gideon BPharm

30/09/2025

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29/09/2025

Same same same …

29/04/2025

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)

PID is one of the most preventable causes of infertility, yet many women don’t know about it, till it leads to complications.

PID is an infection and inflammation of the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

In PID, bacteria travel from the va**na or cervix into the upper reproductive system, leading to infection and possible scarring or the organs.

This can cause irreversible damage to the fallopian tubes, especially if not treated on time, making it difficult to conceive.

WHAT CAUSES PID?

PID is most commonly caused by s*xually transmitted infections (STIs), but other bacteria can also be responsible.

The main causes include:

- Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: These are the leading causes of PID.

The reason is, these infections are mostly asymptomatic, and so go on to affect reproductive organs silently.

- Bacterial Vaginosis: An imbalance of va**nal bacteria can increase the risk of infection spreading.

- Unprotected s*x: Having multiple partners or a new s*xual partner increases the risk of STIs, which can lead to PID.

- Douching: Douching disturbs the natural balance of va**nal bacteria, making it easier for harmful bacteria to get to the organs.

- IUD insertion, childbirth or abortion: Any procedure that opens the cervix can introduce bacteria back into the uterus.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

PID can develop silently, meaning that some women won’t experience symptoms till serious complications arise.

When symptoms appear, they include:
- Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
- Unusual va**nal discharge with a bad odor
- Pain or bleeding during sec
- Burning sensation on urination
- Fever and chills
- Irregular menstruation.

Because these symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions, many women don’t see medical attention until damage has been done.

HOW IS IT TREATED??

PID is treated with a combination of antibiotics, for at-least 2 weeks.

It’s important to complete your dose

23/04/2025

Cefepime Pharmacology Overview

Category: Fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic
Route of Administration: IV or IM

Mechanism of Action (MOA):

Cefepime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
This prevents the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death.
(Bactericidal)

Spectrum of Activity:

Broad-spectrum against:

Gram-positive: Streptococcus spp., MSSA

Gram-negative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella

Stable against many beta-lactamases, which makes it more effective against resistant strains.

Pharmacokinetics (ADME):

Absorption: Not absorbed orally; given parenterally

Distribution: Wide, including CSF (important in meningitis)

Metabolism: Minimal

Elimination: Renal excretion (dose adjustment in renal impairment)

Half-life: ~2 hours

Clinical Uses:

Febrile neutropenia

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Skin and soft tissue infections

Intra-abdominal infections

Meningitis (off-label but used due to CSF pe*******on)

Side Effects:

Common: Rash, GI upset (nausea, diarrhea)

Serious: Neurotoxicity (especially in renal impairment – seizures, confusion), hypersensitivity reactions

Precautions:

Monitor renal function

Watch for signs of allergic reaction, especially in patients with penicillin allergy

Risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea

19/04/2025

Uncontrolled high blood pressure—also known as hypertension—is the leading and most dangerous cause of long-term heart damage. It often has no obvious symptoms, which is why it's called the "silent killer." But behind the scenes, it constantly puts strain on your heart and blood vessels. When blood pressure remains high for a long time, the heart is forced to pump harder to circulate blood. This added workload thickens the heart muscle, especially the left ventricle, making it stiff and less efficient over time. As a result, the heart’s ability to pump blood weakens, leading to conditions like heart failure.

High blood pressure also damages the inner lining of arteries, causing tiny tears where cholesterol and fat can accumulate. This leads to plaque buildup, narrowing the arteries—a condition called atherosclerosis. Eventually, this can block blood flow to the heart, triggering chest pain (angina), or worse, a heart attack. Over time, poor blood flow also increases the risk of stroke and sudden cardiac death.

Common signs of heart damage due to high blood pressure include chest discomfort or tightness, especially during activity or stress, shortness of breath even at rest or while lying down, persistent fatigue, swelling in the legs, feet, or abdomen (due to fluid buildup), a racing or irregular heartbeat, and dizziness or fainting spells. In severe cases, people may experience coughing or wheezing, especially at night, due to fluid in the lungs.

Even if you don’t feel anything wrong, high blood pressure can silently damage your arteries, heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain over time. That’s why regular blood pressure checks are essential—even if you feel perfectly fine.

To protect your heart:

👉Limit salt to under 5 grams per day.
👉Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
👉Exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
👉Quit smoking and limit alcohol.
👉Manage stress with relaxation techniques or hobbies.
👉Take prescribed medications if lifestyle changes aren’t enough.

Catching and controlling high blood pressure early is one of the most powerful ways to prevent heart attacks, strokes, and long-term damage. Keep your numbers in check—your heart will thank you! ❤️

27/03/2025

Chemistry of water melon.

10/03/2025

Nervous system

20/08/2024

10/08/2024

A woman is born with value.
That's why she has to preserve it.
That's why her past matter.

A man is born with ZERO value. You have to build it yourself self, and that is why your future matter than your past.

Do what ever you like with this information.

17/02/2024

DISEASE OR PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER (PID) is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system namely the , , and inside of the pelvis. Often there may be no symptoms...........

The disease is caused by bacteria that spread from the va**na and cervix. Having unprotected s*x with someone who has an STI can cause PID.

Sometimes PID is caused by normal bacteria found in the va**na. If left untreated, PID can cause problems getting pregnant, problems during pregnancy and long term pelvic pain


Bacteria that spread from the va**na and cervix


abnormal or foul discharge from the va**na or urethra,
Pain or bleeding during or after in*******se
Irregular bleeding or spotting
Increased menstrual Cramps
Increased pain during ovulation
Frequent or burning urination
Inability to empty the bladder
Swollen abdomen
Sudden high fever that comes and goes chills
Nausea or vomiting
Pain around the kidneys or live
Lower back or leg pain
Feelings of weakness
Tiredness or depression.

13/02/2024

💢 Avoid these drugs in Pregnancy :

▫️ACEi
▫️Warfarin
▫️Isotretinoin
▫️Aminoglycoside
▫️Tetracycline
▫️Statins

👉🏻 Can you name more medicine should be avoid in pregnancy ⁉️