http://balinamoses.blogspot.ug/

Dr Balina Moses, Mityana, Mityana (2026)

27/06/2025

The outcomes of our study included the number of people screened for, presumed to have, and diagnosed with TB disease.

01/12/2024

TAKE THE RIGHTS PATH: ADVOCATING FOR HEALTH AND EMPOWERMENT ON WORLD AIDS DAY
Today, on World AIDS Day, we come together to reflect on the progress made in the fight against HIV/AIDS and to renew our commitment to health equity. The theme for this year, “Take the Rights Path: My Health, My Right!” underscores the importance of accessible, rights-based healthcare for all people, particularly those affected by HIV/AIDS. As we stand shoulder to shoulder with partners and communities around the world, we call on leaders and citizens to champion the fundamental right to health and to empower those living with HIV/AIDS to lead fulfilling lives.
Globally, HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant health challenge, with an estimated 38.4 million people living with HIV as of 2023. Despite significant progress in prevention, treatment, and awareness, there are still gaps in care and treatment access. The HIV epidemic has claimed the lives of more than 36 million people worldwide, but with advances in medical care, particularly antiretroviral therapy (ART), millions of lives are being saved each year.
In sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the largest burden of the HIV epidemic, approximately 25.4 million people are living with HIV, making up over 66% of the global total. The region has also seen remarkable progress in reducing the number of new infections, largely due to education campaigns and the increased availability of ART. Yet, challenges remain in many areas, especially in rural regions where healthcare infrastructure is inadequate.
Uganda, like many African nations, has made strides in combating the HIV epidemic, but the battle is far from over. According to the Uganda AIDS Commission, as of 2023, approximately 1.5 million people are living with HIV in the country. Although Uganda has one of the highest rates of HIV awareness in the region, challenges such as stigma, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare services in rural areas continue to hamper progress.
Uganda's government has taken steps to provide free ART, and more than 90% of those diagnosed with HIV are receiving treatment. However, key populations such as s*x workers, men who have s*x with men, and young people remain at high risk for new infections. In Uganda, nearly 50,000 new infections are reported annually, with young women between the ages of 15 and 24 being disproportionately affected.
One of the most significant barriers to combating HIV is the stigma and discrimination that surrounds the virus. This is especially true in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where cultural beliefs and misinformation often lead to shame and fear. Disclosure, or the act of revealing one's HIV status to others, plays a crucial role in breaking down these barriers. It allows individuals to access proper healthcare, support, and counseling services, and it can help reduce the stigma attached to the virus.
For people living with HIV, disclosing their status is often an empowering act. It helps them seek medical care, access ART, and engage in the community support systems necessary to live healthy, vibrant lives. Disclosure can also be life-saving, as it enables individuals to take precautions to prevent transmission to others, especially in cases where one is unaware of their HIV status. For those living with HIV, disclosing their status also contributes to the broader goal of HIV education and awareness, helping to dispel myths and reduce stigma.
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This World AIDS Day, we reaffirm our commitment to the health and rights of all individuals affected by HIV/AIDS. By “taking the rights path,” we advocate not only for accessible healthcare but for a society where individuals living with HIV/AIDS can thrive without fear of discrimination or rejection. Everyone deserves the right to health, regardless of their HIV status. Let us unite in our efforts to ensure that every young person and every individual living with HIV/AIDS can proudly declare, “My Health, My Right!”

23/11/2024

INTERNATIONAL SURVIVORS OF SU***DE LOSS DAY - SUPPORTING THOSE LEFT BEHIND
Today, on International Survivors of Su***de Loss Day, we come together to honor and remember those we have lost to su***de, while offering support to those left behind. This day is a chance to acknowledge the profound grief and trauma that su***de survivors experience and to remind them that they are not alone. The day serves as a reminder that healing is possible through support, connection, and understanding.
Su***de is a global tragedy that affects millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 800,000 people worldwide die by su***de annually, which equates to one person every 40 seconds. Su***de is a leading cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29 years and has far-reaching consequences for families and communities. Survivors of su***de loss often experience profound emotional pain, complicated grief, and a sense of isolation. The trauma they endure can lead to depression, anxiety, and, in some cases, an increased risk of suicidal thoughts themselves.
In Africa, su***de rates are rising, but many regions still face challenges in accurately tracking and reporting su***de statistics. The African continent is home to a wide variety of cultural beliefs and practices, and many communities still carry stigmas surrounding mental health and su***de. However, according to the WHO, it is estimated that nearly 12.8 out of every 100,000 people in Africa die by su***de each year. This is a conservative estimate, and the actual number may be higher, given the challenges in data collection and reporting.
Uganda, a country in East Africa, also faces its own set of challenges when it comes to su***de. In Uganda, su***de has become an increasing problem, with more people, particularly the youth, resorting to taking their own lives. The WHO estimates that Uganda’s su***de rate stands at 6.8 per 100,000 people annually. Though relatively low compared to other parts of the world, this number is concerning given the country's limited mental health resources. Stigma surrounding mental health remains a significant barrier to those seeking help for depression, anxiety, and other psychological conditions that often lead to suicidal ideation.
The grief faced by survivors of su***de loss is profound and multifaceted. Many survivors experience feelings of guilt, anger, confusion, and sadness. They often question why their loved one took their own life, and feelings of blame may be directed inward or toward others. The psychological impact of this grief can be particularly challenging because su***de is often perceived as an avoidable event, making it more difficult to find closure.
International Survivors of Su***de Loss Day provides a space for individuals to gather in solidarity and share their stories. Support groups and events held on this day give survivors the opportunity to talk about their experiences and find solace in knowing that their emotions are valid. Mental health professionals, volunteers, and community members play a critical role in providing the necessary support, ensuring that those grieving feel seen, heard, and understood.
As we observe this day, we encourage everyone to reach out to a survivor, attend a local event, or simply offer a compassionate ear to those grieving. Your support can make a lasting difference in their healing journey. It is important to understand that while survivors of su***de loss may carry immense emotional weight, they also possess resilience. Healing is possible through therapy, peer support, and education.
On this day, let us all take a moment to show compassion to those who have lost someone to su***de, offering them a listening ear and a reminder that they are not alone. Across the globe today, people are coming together to honor survivors of su***de loss. From Uganda to the United States, this day serves as a reminder that su***de prevention and mental health support are critical worldwide. By fostering empathy and understanding, we can help survivors heal and build stronger communities for the future.

18/10/2024

Funding remains a critical factor in enhancing health services. The Abuja Declaration of 2001 called for African governments to allocate at least 15% of their annual budgets to health. Algeria, Burundi, and Rwanda have faced challenges in securing adequate healthcare funding, yet they navigated these obstacles through strategic partnerships with international organizations and governments. Uganda, while dealing with its financial constraints, must advocate for increased investment in health services, ensuring adherence to the Abuja Declaration. This could involve systematic budget reviews to identify opportunities for increasing health allocations without compromising other essential services.

17/10/2024

TRAUMA IN UGANDA IS A SILENT EPIDEMIC THREATENING LIVES AND FUTURES
Today, on World Trauma Day, we confront a grim reality that lurks in the shadows of Uganda's vibrant communities: trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, yet it often goes unaddressed. Globally, approximately 5 million people die from traumatic injuries each year, with road traffic accidents, falls, and violence being the most significant contributors. In Africa, the burden is disproportionately heavy, where trauma accounts for 16% of all deaths. Uganda, a country grappling with various challenges, is not immune to this silent epidemic.
According to the 2022 Uganda Police Force annual crime report, a staggering 21,473 people were involved in road traffic accidents. Among them, 1,712 (8%) sustained slight injuries, while 15,227 (71%) were severely injured, and 4,534 (21%) tragically lost their lives on the spot. These figures underscore the urgent need for intervention and education surrounding road safety.
Traumatic incidents in Uganda extend beyond road accidents. Violence, particularly domestic and gender-based violence, remains a pervasive problem, affecting countless individuals across the nation. Additionally, workplace injuries and community violence further exacerbate the situation. Many Ugandans are involved in agriculture, which, despite being a vital economic activity, poses risks such as injuries from machinery and accidents during transport.
Preventing trauma requires a multi-faceted approach that involves awareness, education, and community engagement. Education on road safety is paramount. Simple yet effective measures, such as the use of seatbelts, wearing helmets, and adhering to speed limits, can significantly reduce road traffic accidents. Community programs that focus on teaching safe agricultural practices can mitigate risks associated with farming activities, thus protecting farmers from injuries.
Moreover, addressing the underlying social issues that contribute to violence is crucial. Empowering communities through education, promoting gender equality, and fostering open discussions about domestic violence can help to break the cycle of trauma. Government initiatives aimed at enhancing law enforcement and providing support services for victims of violence are essential in creating a safer environment for all Ugandans.
Healthcare infrastructure plays a critical role in trauma response. In Uganda, improving emergency medical services and equipping healthcare facilities to handle trauma cases can save lives. Training healthcare providers in trauma care and first aid can empower them to respond effectively in emergencies. Establishing trauma centres in strategic locations can ensure that victims receive timely and appropriate care.
As we observe World Trauma Day, let us acknowledge the prevalence of trauma in Uganda and commit to collective action. By raising awareness, improving safety practices, and advocating for better healthcare resources, we can mitigate the devastating impact of trauma on individuals and communities. The fight against trauma is not just a health issue; it is a fight for the dignity, safety, and future of every Ugandan. Together, we can turn the tide against this silent epidemic and create a safer, healthier nation for all.

13/10/2024

UGANDA IS FACING A BREAST CANCER CRISIS AND NEEDS OUR URGENT ATTENTION
Today, on Breast Cancer Awareness Day, we come together to raise awareness about breast cancer and support those affected by this disease. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and Uganda faces a significant challenge. It is vital to understand the signs and symptoms of breast cancer, as well as the available treatment options.
Breast cancer can show itself in several ways. One of the most common signs is a lump in the breast or underarm area. This lump may feel hard or irregular and can sometimes be painless. Other signs include changes in the size or shape of the breast, swelling, or a change in the skin texture. Some women may notice a discharge from the ni**le, which can be clear, bloody, or another colour. If you notice any of these changes, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
In Uganda, breast cancer is diagnosed in many women at advanced stages. About 22% of all cancer cases in the country are breast cancer, and the incidence rate is approximately 21 cases per 100,000 women. This means many women are not receiving the early care they need. Education about breast health and self-examinations is crucial for increasing early detection. Women should perform regular self-exams and seek medical advice if they notice any changes.
If diagnosed, there are several treatment options available. The most common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Surgery involves removing the tumour and possibly some surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy uses high-energy waves to target and kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy involves taking medication that can kill fast-growing cancer cells and is often used before or after surgery. Hormonal therapy can help block hormones that fuel some types of breast cancer.
However, many women in Uganda face barriers to accessing these treatments. High costs, lack of facilities, and limited awareness can make it difficult for those affected. This is why today is so important. It is a day to educate communities about breast cancer, encourage regular check-ups, and advocate for better healthcare access.
By spreading the word, we can help women recognize the signs of breast cancer and understand the importance of early detection. Community involvement can make a significant difference. Local organizations, healthcare providers, and advocates can work together to ensure women have the information they need and can access the treatment they deserve.
On this Breast Cancer Awareness Day, let us commit to taking action. Support local initiatives that promote breast health education, participate in awareness campaigns, and share information with friends and family. Together, we can combat the breast cancer crisis in Uganda.
Let us stand united in this fight. By raising awareness, educating ourselves and our communities, and advocating for better healthcare, we can create hope for a brighter future. Every woman deserves the chance to receive timely diagnosis and treatment. Together, we can make a difference.

10/10/2024

THE SILENT CRISIS IN UGANDA: WHY IGNORING MENTAL HEALTH IS DANGEROUS
On this World Mental Health Day, we are reminded of the critical importance of mental health as part of overall well-being. Mental health is not just the absence of illness, but the presence of emotional balance, resilience, and the ability to cope with life’s challenges. Unfortunately, mental health disorders are a growing global issue, affecting millions of individuals and communities.
Globally, around 1 in 8 people—approximately 970 million—experience mental health challenges, with depression and anxiety being the most common. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 5% of adults suffer from these conditions. Additionally, su***de is one of the leading causes of death among youth aged 15-29 years, claiming over 700,000 lives annually.
Africa is not immune to this crisis. The WHO estimates that nearly 100 million people across the continent are affected by mental health disorders, with depression and anxiety leading the statistics. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda, faces significant barriers such as stigma, lack of awareness, and insufficient mental health services. In Uganda, the Ministry of Health reports that at least 14 million Ugandans will suffer from a mental health condition at some point, with alcohol and drug abuse contributing to 35% of the cases.
Depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder are the most common mental health conditions worldwide. Depression manifests through prolonged sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and feelings of guilt or worthlessness. Anxiety disorders include symptoms like excessive worry, restlessness, and trouble concentrating. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings, ranging from manic highs to depressive lows. In Africa, trauma-related disorders, often due to violence, war, or displacement, are also widespread.
Recognizing the signs of mental illness early is essential. Symptoms of depression may include persistent sadness, irritability, and changes in sleep or appetite. Anxiety may be signalled by constant worry, fatigue, or muscle tension. Meanwhile, bipolar disorder often reveals itself through alternating periods of extreme energy and deep depression.
Preventing mental health issues involves self-care and building resilience. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and good sleep are crucial. Establishing strong social networks and managing stress through mindfulness and hobbies are also beneficial. In Uganda, creating supportive community structures can greatly reduce isolation and stigma.
On a larger scale, governments and organizations must improve mental health care systems. Increasing access to mental health services, training more professionals, and integrating mental health into primary healthcare are crucial steps. In Uganda, the Ministry of Health has established policies to improve access, but funding and public education remain challenges.
Mental health affects us all, directly or indirectly. By fostering open discussions, improving care, and promoting healthy lifestyles, we can work toward a mentally healthier society. This World Mental Health Day, let’s break the stigma and support those struggling with mental illness. In Uganda, the silent mental health crisis can no longer be ignored.

13/08/2024

Patient engagement is a critical aspect of healthcare quality improvement, and Uganda's healthcare system can benefit significantly from prioritizing patient-centred care. Let us work together to create a healthcare system that truly puts patients first.

03/09/2023

People who receive fertility treatments might have a higher risk of stroke as well as hospitalization from a stroke within a year after delivery than those who did not receive such treatments, a new study suggests.
The findings come from a new retrospective study of more than 31 million pregnant women ages 15 to 54 and conducted by researchers at the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Jersey.
All told, pregnant people who received fertility treatments were 66% more likely (affecting 8 in 100,000 pregnant people) to be hospitalized for a stroke within 12 months of delivery compared to those who delivered after spontaneous conception.
More significantly, the researchers said, the risk for potentially life-threatening haemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain) was more than twice as high for people who had fertility treatments while the risk of ischemic stroke (blood clot in the brain) was 55% higher.
“Strikingly, the increase in risk was evident even as early as the first 30 days post-delivery, which highlights the need for early and continued follow-up in this population,” the study authors wrote.

17/03/2023

It was approximately 8:30 a.m. on a busy morning when an elderly gentleman in his eighties arrived to have stitches removed from his thumb. He stated that he was in a hurry as he had an appointment at 9:00 a.m.
I took his vital signs and had him take a seat. I knew it would take more than an hour before someone would be able to attend to him. I saw him check his watch anxiously for the time and decided to evaluate his wound since I was not busy with another patient.
On examination, the wound was well healed. Hence, I talked to one of the doctors to get the supplies to remove his sutures and redress his wound.
We began to engage in a conversation while I was taking care of his wound. I asked him if he had another doctor's appointment later as he was in such a hurry. The gentleman told me no and said that he needed to go to the nursing home to have breakfast with his wife.
I inquired about her health. He told me that she had been in the nursing home for a while as she was a victim of Alzheimer's disease.
I probed further and asked if she would be upset if he was slightly late. He replied that she no longer knew who he was, and she had not been able to recognise him since five years ago.
I asked him in surprise, "And you still go every morning, even though she doesn't know who you are?"
He smiled as he patted my hand and said, "She doesn't know me, but I still know who she is."
I had to hold back my tears as he left. I had goose bumps on my arm, and I thought, "That is the kind of love I want in my life."
True love is neither physical nor romantic. True love is an acceptance of all that is, has been, will be, and will not be.

29/12/2022

Neither old doctors nor patients were embarrassed when doctors were putting their heads directly on women's chest to hear heartbeats.
However, in 1816 there was a French doctor René Laennec who was ashamed of using that method to the extent that he thought about quitting his profession.
One day he was leaning on the stump of a tree when he clearly heard the sound of a bird clicking on the top of the tree, he realized that sound waves reached to his ear through the tree despite the distance, so he got the idea of a stethoscope (chest scope), and if he had not invented the stethoscope, more than 90% of our youth would have been doctors today 😅.

14/06/2022

African Scientists working towards ending HIV/AIDS by 2030. A community of healthcare professionals devoted to providing optimal clinical care for their patients.

Dr Balina Moses

27/06/2025

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