02/04/2026
The gas mask and the modern traffic light were both invented by the same person: Garrett Morgan.
Born in 1877 to parents who had been enslaved, Garrett Morgan grew up with limited formal education but an extraordinary mechanical mind. He became an inventor at a time when Black Americans were largely shut out of patents, funding, and recognition.
In 1914, Morgan invented a breathing device designed to protect people from smoke and toxic fumes. His invention gained national attention in 1916 after an explosion trapped workers in a water tunnel beneath Lake Erie in Cleveland. Morgan and his brother used the device to rescue several men who would have otherwise suffocated. This invention later became the foundation for modern gas masks and firefighter breathing equipment.
A few years later, after witnessing a serious traffic accident, Morgan turned his attention to road safety. Cars, bicycles, and pedestrians were sharing streets with almost no regulation. In 1923, he patented an improved traffic signal that introduced a warning phase between “stop” and “go.” That idea evolved into the three-signal traffic light system used around the world today.
Despite the importance of his inventions, Morgan often faced discrimination and was sometimes forced to sell his patents through white intermediaries to be taken seriously. Even so, his work was adopted internationally and continues to save lives every day.
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