11/07/2025
π¨ Itβs not the airwayβbut it is an emergency.
From feed types to dental issues, understanding the causes and signs can make all the difference.
π Learn what to do before it happens.
π Save this post for your barn safety toolkit and tag a fellow horse owner who needs this info!
Choke in Horses: Recognition, Response, and Risks
Choke in horses is a condition where food or other material becomes lodged in the esophagus, wholly or partially obstructing it. Unlike in humans, choke in horses does not involve airway blockage, but it is nonetheless a medical emergency. It most commonly occurs when a horse eats too quickly, ingests dry feed without adequate water, or consumes foreign material.
Clinical signs of choke include coughing, gagging, repeated stretching of the neck, excessive salivation, and nasal discharge that may contain food particles. The horse may appear distressed or anxious and may stop eating or drinking. In severe cases, swelling along the neck may be observed.
If choke is suspected, the horse should be removed from food and water immediately. Do not attempt to force water or feed into the horseβs mouth. Contact a veterinarian immediately. While waiting, keep the horse calm and its head lowered to reduce the risk of aspiration.
Choke can be caused by dental problems, such as uneven or sharp teeth that impair chewing, eating too quickly, dehydration, or poor feed quality. Pelleted feeds and beet pulp are common culprits if not properly moistened.
Complications from repeated or prolonged episodes may include aspiration pneumonia, esophageal rupture, or stricture formation. After an episode, the horse may need soft feed, dental care, and dietary adjustments to prevent recurrence.
Early recognition and veterinary intervention are critical to minimizing complications and successful recovery.
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Things you can do to minimize the risk of choke:
Have your horseβs teeth checked and floated regularly by a veterinarian or equine dentist
Always provide clean, fresh waterβespecially when feeding dry or pelleted feeds
Soak beet pulp and pelleted feeds thoroughly before feeding
Feed smaller, more frequent meals rather than large quantities at once
Use slow feeders or place large rocks in feed tubs to slow fast eaters
Avoid feeding horses immediately after heavy exercise
Ensure feed is free of foreign objects or mold
Tailor feed types and textures to the horseβs age, dental condition, and chewing ability