02/19/2026
Lameness Is Not the Only Indicator — Pain Can Exist Without Obvious Limping
Many horse owners assume that if their horse isn't limping, then it must not be in pain. However, pain is multidimensional, and many conditions — dental discomfort, back or neck soreness, saddle pressure points, gastrointestinal pain, bit‑related oral pain, or early joint stress — do not necessarily result in visible lameness.
Because these issues don't always affect the limbs directly, gait assessments alone may miss significant discomfort. Studies examining non‑lame horses under ridden conditions have found that many exhibited behavioral signs of pain or reduced performance (reduced impulsion, hollowed back, tension, unwillingness to collect), indicating musculoskeletal or systemic discomfort, even though no obvious lameness was observed.
This underscores the need for comprehensive pain assessment strategies that go beyond simple gait observation. Assessments should include evaluation of posture, rider–horse interaction, responsiveness under saddle, facial expressions, and even static rest behavior. For instance, a horse resistant to bending, hollow‑backed under saddle, or tense in its topline may be exhibiting back or abdominal pain rather than poor training.
Failing to recognize these "hidden" forms of pain can lead to misdiagnosis, inappropriate training methods, worsening of pathology, or a decline in welfare and performance. Therefore, caretakers, trainers, and veterinarians should maintain a high index of suspicion — especially when performance deteriorates without a clear training cause — and use multifaceted assessments to identify and address possible discomfort.