05/03/2021
A major roadblock to a good writer/editor relationship is confusion about what type of editorial help is required. Too many times I’ve been given a manuscript the author says “only needs to be proofed,” but the entire project is a mess. It needs everything; however, the author wants to pay only for proofing. That leads to disaster. The manuscript will be proofed, but reviews will be brutal because the author has written a bad book, and someone who’s only proofing cannot save the project. Let’s look at the types of editing in order of complexity.
Proofreading means checking for minor errors after all other editorial duties have been completed. Spelling, punctuation, typos, and other issues are weeded out here. It’s painstaking, detailed work.
Copyediting is a clean-up of your already carefully written book. The editor is serving as the last pair of eyes to make sure mistakes haven’t slipped by; you haven’t written antidote when you meant anecdote. She looks for errors in grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation. She ensures the book is consistent in any technical details, and she checks facts throughout the manuscript.
Line editing means either you sit together with your editor or you burn up the internet sending drafts back and forth, going line by line, chapter by chapter, until errors are eliminated, all questions put to bed, and the book is edited. Line editing deals with problems such as awkward dialogue, redundancy, transitions that don’t move the story forward, pacing, weak word choices, and more. It’s the heavy lifting of writing a book.
Developmental editing means you and the editor work together to build the book from an idea. You decide together on subject matter, structure, style—all the things that go into creating a book. You may, in fact, write together and collaborate for a book or series, but often the editor does the tasks required, steps back from the final product, and is mentioned in the acknowledgments.
Editorial consultation is not an edit per se. It is a top-level read in which the editor gives her impressions of the manuscript’s plot, style, characterization, readability, marketability, and other factors. She provides comprehensive notes and opinions, but there’s no manuscript correction.
All clear now? Knowing the difference enables you to choose the right kind of editorial assistance, and that makes you look more like a professional, even if it’s your first book.