11/19/2025
Common Types of Cognitive Distortions
Here are some widely recognized distortions:
All-or-Nothing Thinking (Black-and-White Thinking)
Seeing things in extremes: âIf Iâm not perfect, Iâm a failure.â
Overgeneralization
Making broad conclusions from a single event: âI messed up this one time, so Iâll always mess up.â
Mental Filtering
Focusing only on the negative and ignoring the positive.
Disqualifying the Positive
Rejecting good things as unimportant or accidental: âThey only praised me to be nice.â
Catastrophizing
Expecting the worst-case scenario: âIf I make a mistake, everything will fall apart.â
Emotional Reasoning
Believing emotions reflect facts: âI feel guilty, so I must have done something wrong.â
Mind Reading
Assuming you know what others are thinking: âThey must think Iâm stupid.â
Fortune Telling
Predicting the future negatively without evidence.
Personalization
Taking excessive responsibility or blame: âTheir bad mood must be because of me.â
Should Statements
Rigid rules for yourself or others: âI should never feel anxious.â
Labeling
Defining yourself or others by a single trait or mistake: âIâm a loser.â
Why They Matter
Cognitive distortions shape how you feel and act. If you can identify and challenge them, you can replace them with more balanced, realistic thoughtsâa key principle in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
Which ones are your go toâŚ
Next will learn techniques to change our mindset..