03/29/2026
Court Square in Springfield, Massachusetts as it appeared in 1776, and today. On August 30, 1774, this area was the site of a major demonstration against royal authority, when several thousand Western Massachusetts residents gathered to protest changes to the colonial government. These changes, which were part of the Intolerable Acts, included dissolving the elected colonial legislature and concentrating power in the hands of the royal governor and his appointees.
The purpose of the protest here in Springfield was to confront the judges of the Hampshire County Court. The crowd demanded that the 18 judges sign an oath that they would not accept any political offices or enforce any laws relating to the Intolerable Acts. Many of the judges agreed with these principles and were eager to sign the oath, but others required additional persuasion, especially those with loyalist views.
In the end, all 18 signed it, including several prominent loyalists who had, until this point, been among the most powerful men in the county. It would be another two years before the colonies formally declared their independence, but this protest effectively marked the end of royal authority here in Western Massachusetts.
Today, more than 250 years later, the spirit of resistance to authoritarian government is still very much alive here in Western Massachusetts. Several thousand people have once again gathered on this same spot in support of the same principles of liberty and self government. As was the case in 1774, we believe that no government official-whether elected, appointed, or inherited-is above the law, and we believe that all governments ultimately answer to the people.