02/06/2026
💉💪🏽 Can differences in training or anabolic steroid use be detected at the molecular level in competitive strength athletes? Full breakdown on youtube 🎥
I recently broke down a paper that’s been circulating a lot online. It studied competitive powerlifters, bodybuilders, and strongman athletes — some who used anabolic steroids and some who didn’t — and looked at molecular markers related to muscle growth. On the surface, it sounds groundbreaking… but the details matter!
🧐METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 52 competitive male strength athletes. They were grouped by:
• Training style (powerlifting, bodybuilding, strongman)
• Self-reported steroid use
Athletes filled out detailed questionnaires about training volume, training style, and drug use.
Researchers then collected saliva samples — not muscle biopsies — and measured gene expression of IGF-1, MyoD, and myogenin using mRNA analysis.
Important note: saliva reflects peripheral gene activity, not what’s directly happening inside muscle fibers.
RESULTS 📊
Despite big differences in training volume (Bodybuilders, as expected, trained with much higher weekly volume):
• Bodybuilders did not show consistently higher gene expression
• Steroid users did not consistently differ in gene expression from non-users
• No group stood out across all biomarkers
DISCUSSION 🤓
This is where social media went a little “off the rails”. Gene markers like MyoD and myogenin change rapidly based on recent training, and the sample timing wasn’t standardized in this study. Things like training history, recovery status, and competition prep all add noise.
Most importantly: salivary mRNA is still an emerging tool. Just because a marker appears in saliva, doesn’t mean it reflects muscle growth happening at the fiber level.
This study was merely exploratory — not proof that training style or steroids “don’t matter.”
TAKEAWAYS 🔑
• If you want the full nuanced breakdown — including why this paper is interesting but over-interpreted — watch the full study review on my YouTube channel. I go much deeper into the methods and what this actually tells us (and what it doesn’t).