11/03/2025
Many families in Scotland followed the Scottish naming pattern. It is therefore all too easy to mix up the cousins. Use the occupation to work out who is who.
What’s the Scottish naming pattern I hear some ask? The most widely used pattern goes as follows:
1st son named after father's father
2nd son named after mother's father
3rd son named after father
1st daughter named after mother's mother
2nd daughter named after father's mother
3rd daughter named after mother
Let’s say John and Ann had two sons, James was born first, and William was born second. Both brothers would name their eldest son John. These two Johns may have been born about the same time and in the same place. It’s confusing! This was compounded in 1841 when the census rounded the age down to the nearest five years. One cousin could be 41 and another 44, but in the census, they may both be recorded as 40! It's very easy to get into a tangle.
Although people did sometimes change their occupation, it’s fairly unlikely that a married man would change occupation from a stone mason to a shoemaker. Both of these occupations would require an apprenticeship. Our ancestors would have served as an apprentice as a teenager and perhaps into their early 20s before they got married. How would a married man with children afford to be able to serve an apprenticeship and switch professions as we can today?
Of course, some occupations are the same but described differently. A shoemaker in one record may be described as a cordiner in another. A shipwright may also be described as a joiner. Or you may find a grocer being described as a victualler. If you come across an occupation that is uncommon today, check out the Dictionaries of the Scots Language to discover what it was.
By carefully noting the occupation and comparing it on each record, we are more likely to be able to trace our family history accurately and disentangle the cousins.
For more Scottish family history tips, join us at the Scottish Indexes Conference on Saturday 22 November 2025.