Dr. T. Iqbal ; Physiology

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Dr. T. Iqbal ; Physiology

This page is run by Dr. Md. Tanbir Iqbal ;
Associate Professor of Physiology,
Barind Medical College, Rajshahi. This page is all about the subject Physiology.
(1)

Here different topic of Physiology is discussed and common questions are given.

25/10/2025

আজ বারিন্দ মেডিকেল কলেজে অনুষ্ঠিত হল 1st year (14 batch of BMC) MBBS student দের CVS card final written exam.
Answer of problem based question :
Q.07) Hypovolemic shock

23/10/2025

Single best answer (SBA) question for 1st & 2nd year MBBS students :
Actin and myosin filament are present in :
a) RBC
b) WBC
c) Platelet
d) Plasma
e) None of the above

21/10/2025

Common questions from special sense :
i)Name the special sense and their receptor.
ii)Name the refractory media of eye
iii) Function of rods and cones
iv) Name the primary colour. How colour vision is tested? (only viva)
v) What is near point of vision? Its value
What is fovea centralis & blind spot ?
vi) Name the refractory errors. Describe myopia, hypermetropia, astygmatism & presbyopia.
vi) Trace the visual pathway
vii) What will be effect of lesion in optic nerve, optic chiasma and optic tract ?
viii) What is pupillary light reflex? Its
type. Trace pupillary light reflex pathway
ix) What is accomodation reflex? What are occular changes occur in accommodation reflex?
x) What is Argyll Robertson pupil? When it becomes positive ?
xi) What is dark adaptation and light adaptation ? Their duration
xii) What is visual acuity? How it is tested?
xiii) Field of vision : definition, parts, measurement
xiv) What is deafness? What are the causes of conduction and nerve deafness?
xv) Trace the auditory pathway
xvi) What is anosmia, hyposmia, dysosmia?
xvii) What are the modalities of taste sensation? Where they are felt and food/ chemicals cause each modality.
xviii)What is ageusia, hypogeusia, dysgeusia ?

19/10/2025

Common questions from item no. 5 & 6 of CVS :
i)Define blood Pressure. Mention its determinants.
ii)Classify blood pressure. Definition and normal values of systolic, diastolic, pulse & mean pressure
iii) How mean pressure is calculated?
Why it is not arithmatic mean? What is the importance of mean pressure? (Only viva)
iv) Methods for measurement of bood pressure.lnstrument for measurement of bood pressure? (Only viva exam@)
v) What is vasomotor centre? Mention its parts.
What is vasomotor tone?
vi) Name the blood pressure regulatory mechanisms. What time is required for short term, intermediate term, long term regulatory mechanism ?
vii) What is baroreceptor? Location of major baroreceptor, Describe baroreceptor feedback mechanism of blood pressure regulation.
viii) Location of chemoreceptor, Chemical substances to which chemoreceptor are sensitive, Discuss about chemoreceptor feedback mechanism of blood pressure regulation.
ix) Discuss about renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism of blood pressure regulation.
x) Define hypertension. Classify it.
xi) Define heart block. Classify it.
xii) What do you mean by 1st degree, 2nd degree and 3rd drgree heart block? Mention their ECG findings.
xiii) What is idoventricular rhythm?
xiv) What is Ventricular escape,
Stokes Adams syndrome ?
xv) Define shock. Classify it.
xvi) Write down the causes and clinical features of hypovolemic shock.
xvii) What are the compensatory mechanisms developed in hypovolemic shock?
xviii) Mention the causes of distributive, cardiogenic and obstructive shock (only viva exam).

14/10/2025

Equations of CVS :
i) Blood Pressure = Cardiac output × Total peripheral resistance
ii) Cardiac output = Stroke volume × Heart rate
iii) Stroke volume = End diastolic volume - End systolic volume
iv)Mean pressure = Diastolic pressure + 1/3( Pulse Pressure)

12/10/2025

Card, Term, Prof exam এর একটি common question, Define blood pressure.
Ans. It is the lateral pressure exerted by the flowing blood on the vessel wall while flowing through it.
Explanation : Exert শব্দের অর্থ প্রয়োগ করা, Exerted by the flowing blood অর্থাৎ চাপ প্রয়োগ করছে flowing blood.
On the veesel wall অর্থাৎ vessel wall এর উপর চাপ প্রয়োগ করছে।
While flowing through it ( প্রবাহিত হওয়ার সময়)।
পরীক্ষার সময় অধিকাংশ student blood pressure এর definition বলতে পারে না, কারন না বুঝে মুখস্থ করে। বুঝে মুখস্থ করলে এ সমস্যা হয় না।
লেকচার ক্লাসে বাংলায় explain করি যাতে local student রা বুঝতে পারে topic, তবে পরীক্ষার সময় অবশ্যই ইংরেজিতে উত্তর দিতে হবে।
Next question : Blood pressure equal to ?

11/10/2025

Receptor for vision :
Rods & cones.
Function of rods : Dim light vision
Function of cones :
i)Bright light vision
ii)Visual acuity
iii)Colour vision.

09/10/2025

Common questions from item 4 of CVS :
i)Define end diastolic volume. Its normal value. What are the factors affecting end diastolic volume ?
ii) Define end systolic volume. Its normal value. What are the factors affecting end systolic volume?
iii) What is preload and afterload?
iv) Define stroke volume. How it is calculated? Its normal value.
v) What is Ejection fraction ? Its normal value and importance
vi) Define venous return.Its normal value. What are the factors affecting venous return ?
vii) Define cardiac output. Equation, normal value. What are factors regulating cardiac output?
viii) Why cardiac output decreases when heart rate rises above 180 beat/ min ? (Only viva exam)
ix) How cardiac output is measured ?
Briefly discuss about Fick's principle. (Written exam)
x) What is Cardiac index & cardiac reseve? Mention their normal value and importance.
xi) What is heart rate? Mention normal heart rate in adult human being.
xii) What is tachycardia ? Mention its causes
xiii) What is bradycardia? Mention its causes
xiv) Define and classify pulse.
xv) What are the points to be noted during examination of pulse? Which three fingers are used durning examination of pulse?
What is catacrotic & anacrotic pulse ?
xvi) What is total peripheral resistance ?
What are the factors affecting it?

07/10/2025

1st Prof MBBS examination routine under Rajshahi Medical University.

29/09/2025

Common questions from item no. 2 & 3 of CVS :
i) Define cardiac cycle. Mention its phases.
ii)What is cardiac cycle time? Mention normal cardiac cycle time. What is the relationship between cardiac cycle time and heart rate?
iii) What are the changes occur during cardiac cycle ?
iv) What are the events of cardiac cycle ?
Mention the duration of atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventriclular systole and ventricular diastole.
v)Describe different phases of ventricular systole ( written exam)
vi) Describe different phases of ventricular diastole ( written exam)
vii) Atrioventricular valve close and open in which phase ?
Semilunar valve close and open in which phase?
Pressure change in different phases of ventricular systole and diastole ( viva exam)
viii) Difference between 1st & 2nd Heart sound, What is apex beat ?
ix) 1st & 2nd heart sound is heard by which instrument? 3rd & 4th heart sound is recorded by which instrument ? ( viva exam)
x) What is murmur? Mention its cause.
xi) What is microcirculation? Mention its component
xii) What does P wave, QRS complex, T wave represent in ECG? What is PR interval? Its normal value. What are the Indications of ECG ?
xiii) Functional classification of blood vessel, Give example of each type.
Why arteriole is resistance vessel ?
xiv) What are the types of blood flow?
What are the factors affecting blood flow ?
xv) Discuss briefly about exchange of fluid in capillary or how filtration of fluid occur in arterial end of capillary and reabsorption of fluid occur in venous end of capillary ? ( Only written exam)
xvi) List the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator substances ( Only written exam)
xvii) Ohm's law, Poiseuille's law ( only viva exam)
xviii) Effect of autonomic nervous system on heart & blood vessel (only viva exam)

27/09/2025

1st & 2nd heart sound are heard by the instrument, stethoscope.
3rd & 4th heart sound are recorded by phonocardiogram.

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