31/10/2025
Ovarian endometrioid cancer (OEC) is an epithelial malignant tumor of the o***y that exhibits a pathological morphology similar to endometrioid cancer of the endometrium. Its incidence rate ranks second only to high-grade serous cancer of the o***y, accounting for approximately 10% of all epithelial malignant tumors of the o***y. Common molecular mutations in OEC include those of the CTNNB1 and PTEN genes, as well as microsatellite instability (MSI). Other observed mutations are dMMR or POLE (15%), HRD (19%), BRCA1/2 mutations (6%), and PIK3CA mutations (31%).
Despite differences in the proportion of TCGA molecular subtypes and pathological features between ovarian endometrioid cancer and endometrial endometrioid cancer, the prognostic value of TCGA molecular subtypes is similar in both cancers. The extension of endometrial molecular classification to ovarian endometrioid cancer represents not only a technical advancement but also a paradigm shift in diagnosis and treatment. It moves our focus from the "location of the tumor" to the "molecular characteristics of the tumor," and from "uniform treatment" to "personalized treatment." For patients with OEC, this translates to increased hope for survival: early-stage patients can avoid overtreatment, advanced-stage patients can find precise treatment options, and young patients can maintain their fertility. For clinicians, this means a clearer diagnostic and treatment pathway, with each treatment decision backed by "molecular evidence."
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