15/11/2019
Yesterday was World Diabetes Day.
There are two main types of diabetes Type 1 and Type 2. Theyâre different conditions, but theyâre both serious.
What all types of diabetes have in common is that they cause people to have too much glucose (sugar) in their blood. But we all need some glucose. Itâs what gives us our energy. We get glucose when our bodies break down the carbohydrates that we eat or drink. And that glucose is released into our blood.
We also need a hormone called insulin. Itâs made by our pancreas, and itâs insulin that allows the glucose in our blood to enter our cells and fuel our bodies.
If you donât have diabetes, your pancreas senses when glucose has entered your bloodstream and releases the right amount of insulin, so the glucose can get into your cells. But if you have diabetes, this system doesnât work.
In Type 1 Diabetes the body canât make any insulin at all.
In Type 2 the insulin you make either canât work effectively, or canât produce enough of it.
Treatment
If you have Type 1 diabetes, youâll need to use insulin to treat your diabetes. You take the insulin by injection or by using a pump.
If you have Type 2 diabetes, you may have to use insulin or tablets, though you might initially be able to treat your diabetes by eating well and moving more.
Hypos
Hypoglycaemia is when the blood glucose (sugar) is too low, usually below 4mmol/l. They can happen quickly, so it is important you know what the signs are and what to do.
There can be different symptoms but the most common are:
Trembling and feeling shaky
Sweating
Anxious or irritable
Pale
Palpitations and a fast pulse
Lips feeling tingly
Blurred sight
Feeling tearful
Tiredness
Headaches
Lack of concentration
Those with diabetes have plans in place on what they need to do to treat a Hypo, but it needs to be treated immediately as it could lead to them becoming unconscious or have a fit.
Hypers
Hyperglycaemia is when the blood glucose (sugar) is too high.
Signs and symptoms of a hyper
Passing more urine than normal
Being very thirsty
Headaches
Tiredness and lethargy
Treatment will depend on what has caused the hyper. Encourage them to drink plenty sugar-free fluids and administer extra insulin.
For more information on Diabetes have a look at the Diabetes UK website.
https://www.diabetes.org.
We are Diabetes UK, the leading charity for people living with diabetes in the UK. Our vision is a world where diabetes can do no harm.