21/10/2025
The quiet cruelty: bullying by exclusion (when your “friends” push you out)
Surprisingly, this kind of bullying usually comes from people teens think of as friends. It’s subtle at first — small put-downs, “jokes” that sting, being left off invites, a day of nastiness and then back to normal the next.
Teens often explain it away (“she had a bad day,” “I’m just too sensitive,” “maybe I deserved it”— and when the group’s opinion feels like everything, they’ll tolerate it rather than risk being alone.
That pattern is relational aggression or social exclusion: hurting someone by damaging their social connections (ignoring them, leaving them out, spreading rumours, giving the cold shoulder). It’s often invisible to adults because there’s no single violent incident — just repeated small cuts that add up.
Why it’s so damaging
Rejection and exclusion attack the basic human need to belong. For teens this can lower self-esteem and increase anxiety, social withdrawal, and result in depressive symptoms.
The unpredictability — “nice one day, mean the next” — forces teens to second-guess themselves (gaslighting/normalising), which chips away at confidence and identity.
Prolonged exclusion can produce lasting effects:
Ongoing loneliness, school avoidance, worse mental-health related issues and a higher risk of risky behaviours, if not addressed. Early intervention and social-inclusion work can reduce harm.
Resources:
Espelage, D. L., Hong, J. S., Merrin, G. J. (2018). “Relational aggression and bullying in a school context.” In S. M. Coyne & J. M. Ostrov (Eds.), The Development of Relational Aggression (pp. 235-247). Oxford University Press.
Young, E. L., Nelson, D. A., Hottle, A. B., & Young, B. K. (n.d.). Relational aggression in schools: Information for educators. Retrieved from NASP (National Association of School Psychologists) resources.
Fitzpatrick, S., & Bussey, K. (2007). The identification and effect of relational bullying on adolescents. Australian Journal of Psychology.