21/01/2026
NMS REVISIONS MED SURG 🫵🫵
TOPIC Hyperthyroidism
DEFINITION OF HYPERTHYROIDISM NMS
📗🔑Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), leading to an accelerated metabolic state. This results in a range of symptoms affecting various bodily systems.
TYPES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM NMS
📗Graves' disease: An autoimmune disorder causing thyroid stimulation and excessive hormone production.
📗Toxic multinodular goiter: Multiple thyroid nodules produce thyroid hormones independently, leading to hyperthyroidism.
📗Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, causing a temporary release of stored hormones.
📗Toxic adenoma (thyroid nodule): A single nodule producing excess thyroid hormones.
📗Exogenous hyperthyroidism: Caused by excessive intake of thyroid hormone medications or iodine.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM NMS
📗Family history: Genetic predisposition, especially in Graves' disease.
📗Autoimmune disorders: Presence of other autoimmune conditions (e.g., type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis).
📗Iodine intake: Excessive iodine consumption can trigger hyperthyroidism, especially in susceptible individuals.
📗Female s*x: More common in women, particularly during pregnancy or postpartum.
📗Certain medications: Amiodarone, interferon, and lithium can induce hyperthyroidism.
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM NMS
🔑🔑Medications: Antithyroid drugs (methimazole, propylthiouracil) reduce thyroid hormone production.
🔑🔑Radioactive iodine therapy: Destroys part of the thyroid gland to reduce hormone production.
🔑🔑Surgery (thyroidectomy): Removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.
🔑🔑Beta-blockers: Manage symptoms like tachycardia and tremors.
🔑🔑Lifestyle adjustments: Stress management, balanced diet, and monitoring iodine intake.
MAIN PREVENTION STRATEGIES NMS
📗Monitor iodine intake: Avoid excessive iodine-rich foods or supplements.
📗Regular thyroid check-ups: Screen for thyroid dysfunction, especially if high-risk.
📗Manage stress: Stress can exacerbate thyroid issues; consider yoga, meditation.
📗Balanced diet: Ensure adequate nutrients (selenium, zinc) for thyroid health.
📗Avoid smoking: Smoking worsens Graves' disease and eye complications.
COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM NMS
📗Heart problems: Arrhythmias, heart failure, and increased cardiovascular risk.
📗Osteoporosis: Excess thyroid hormones accelerate bone loss.
📗Thyroid storm: A life-threatening medical emergency with extreme hyperthyroidism symptoms.
📗Eye problems: Graves' ophthalmopathy can cause proptosis, diplopia, and vision loss.
📗Reproductive issues: Menstrual irregularities, infertility, or pregnancy complications.
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