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Dr Fatah Hamid, Dubai (2026)

09/03/2026

MEDICINES NOT SAFE IN PREGNANCY ⚠️

Some medicines can be dangerous during pregnancy and may harm the baby’s development. Therefore, pregnant women should only take medicines under medical supervision.

09/03/2026

👩‍⚕️ 20+ Types of Nurses

Nursing is one of the most important professions in healthcare. Nurses work in many different specialties to provide care, support, and treatment for patients.

🔹 General & Hospital Nurses
• Registered Nurse (RN)
• Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
• Nurse Practitioner (NP)
• Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

🔹 Pediatric & Maternal Nurses
• Pediatric Nurse
• Neonatal Nurse
• Labor and Delivery Nurse
• Maternal Health Nurse

🔹 Critical & Emergency Nurses
• Emergency Room Nurse (ER Nurse)
• Critical Care / ICU Nurse
• Trauma Nurse
• Flight Nurse

🔹 Community & Other Nurses
• Public Health Nurse
• School Nurse
• Home Health Nurse
• Geriatric Nurse
• Infection Control Nurse
• Research Nurse

✅ Each nursing specialty plays a vital role in improving patient care and saving lives.

08/03/2026

Essential Clinical Signs

Essential clinical signs are important physical findings that help doctors identify diseases during patient examination.

08/03/2026

BLACKHEADS vs WHITEHEADS

Blackheads and Whiteheads are common types of acne caused by clogged pores, but they appear differently and form in different ways.

Blackheads (Open Comedones)
• Pores are open and clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria.
• The surface is exposed to air, causing oxidation that turns the plug black.
• Common areas: Nose, chin, forehead, and back.
• Easier to remove compared to whiteheads.

Whiteheads (Closed Comedones)
• Pores are clogged with oil and dead skin cells but remain closed by skin.
• Because the pore is closed, the material inside stays white.
• Common areas: Face, chest, shoulders, and back.
• Usually harder to remove.

Key Difference
• Blackheads → Open pores that turn black due to oxidation.
• Whiteheads → Closed pores that remain white under the skin.

Summary:
Both conditions are forms of acne caused by clogged pores, but blackheads are open while whiteheads are closed.

Dr Fatah Hamid

08/03/2026

DENGUE FEVER vs TYPHOID FEVER

Dengue Fever and Typhoid Fever are two common infectious diseases that cause high fever, but they have different causes and ways of spreading.

Dengue Fever
• Cause: Virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
• Transmission: Spread through mosquito bites
• Common Symptoms: High fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, skin rash, nausea and vomiting
• Possible Complications: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, internal bleeding, shock

Typhoid Fever
• Cause: Bacteria called Salmonella Typhi
• Transmission: Spread through contaminated food or water
• Common Symptoms: Prolonged high fever, abdominal pain, weakness, loss of appetite, diarrhea or constipation, headache
• Possible Complications: Intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, severe infection

Key Difference
• Dengue Fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Typhoid Fever is a bacterial infection spread through contaminated food or water.

Summary:
Both diseases cause fever, but Dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes, while Typhoid spreads through contaminated food and water.

Dr Fatah Hamid

08/03/2026

🔥 PEDIATRIC BURN INJURY

Burn injuries in children can be more dangerous than in adults because children's skin is thinner and their bodies can lose fluids more quickly, increasing the risk of shock.

⚠️ Why Burns Are More Serious in Children:
• Thin skin allows heat to pe*****te deeper
• Higher fluid loss leading to dehydration
• Greater risk of burn shock

🔥 Common Causes of Pediatric Burns:
• Hot liquids (tea, soup, boiling water)
• Fire or flames
• Hot objects
• Electricity
• Chemicals

🚨 Warning Signs of Severe Burn:
• Large burned area
• Blisters or deep skin damage
• Severe pain
• Pale skin, weakness, or dizziness
• Signs of dehydration

🩺 Basic First Aid:
• Cool the burn with clean running water for 10–20 minutes
• Remove tight clothing or jewelry near the burn
• Cover the burn with a clean sterile cloth
• Do not apply oil, toothpaste, or butter
• Seek medical care immediately for serious burns

👶 Early treatment can prevent complications and save a child’s life.

✍️ Dr Fatah Hamid

07/03/2026

LEVONORGESTREL vs NORETHISTERONE

Levonorgestrel and Norethisterone are hormonal medicines used in women’s health, but they are used for different purposes.

Levonorgestrel
• Drug Class: Progestin (Synthetic progesterone hormone)
• Main Use: Emergency contraception (morning-after pill)
• How it Works: Prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and prevents s***m from reaching the egg.
• When Used: Usually taken within 72 hours after unprotected s*x to prevent pregnancy.
• Common Side Effects: Nausea, irregular bleeding, headache, breast tenderness, fatigue.

Norethisterone
• Drug Class: Synthetic progestin hormone
• Main Uses: Delaying menstruation, treating heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular periods, and endometriosis.
• How it Works: Acts like progesterone and helps regulate the menstrual cycle.
• Common Side Effects: Weight gain, headache, mood changes, breast tenderness, irregular bleeding.

Key Difference
• Levonorgestrel is mainly used for emergency contraception.
• Norethisterone is mainly used to delay or regulate menstruation.

Summary:
Both medicines are hormonal, but Levonorgestrel prevents pregnancy after unprotected s*x, while Norethisterone is used to manage menstrual cycle problems.

Dr Fatah Hamid

07/03/2026

🫀 HIGH CHOLESTEROL – The Silent Health Risk

High cholesterol means there is too much cholesterol (a fatty substance) in the blood. It usually does not cause any symptoms, but over time it can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of serious health problems.

⚠️ Possible Health Risks:
• Blocked arteries
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Poor blood circulation
• Peripheral artery disease

📌 Common Causes:
• Unhealthy diet (high-fat or fried foods)
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Family history

✅ How to Control Cholesterol:
• Eat healthy foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid smoking
• Take medications if prescribed by a doctor

🩺 Important Tip:
Because high cholesterol usually causes no symptoms, regular blood tests are important to detect it early.

✍️ Dr Fatah Hamid

07/03/2026

PROGESTERONE vs MEDROXYPROGESTERONE

Progesterone and Medroxyprogesterone are hormones used in women’s health for menstrual problems, hormone therapy, and contraception. Although they have similar functions, they are not the same.

07/03/2026

CLOTRIMAZOLE vs FLUCONAZOLE

Clotrimazole and Fluconazole are antifungal medicines used to treat fungal infections, but they are used in different ways depending on the type and severity of infection.

07/03/2026

🔍 ALOPECIA AREATA – Sudden Patchy Hair Loss

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks the hair follicles, causing sudden hair loss in round or oval patches. It commonly affects the scalp but may also involve the beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, or other body hair.

🔴 Common Signs & Symptoms:
• Round or oval bald patches on the scalp
• Hair loss on beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes
• Short broken “exclamation mark” hairs
• Nail changes such as pitting or ridges

📌 Possible Types:
• Patchy Alopecia Areata – Small bald patches
• Alopecia Totalis – Loss of all scalp hair
• Alopecia Universalis – Loss of all body hair

⚠️ Risk Factors:
• Autoimmune disorders
• Family history
• Stress
• Other immune-related diseases

💊 Treatment Options:
Although there is no permanent cure, treatments can help stimulate hair regrowth:
• Corticosteroid injections or creams
• Minoxidil
• Immunotherapy
• Other topical treatments

🏥 When to See a Doctor:
Consult a doctor if you notice sudden hair loss patches, rapidly spreading hair loss, or nail changes.

✍️ Dr Fatah Hamid

06/03/2026

LOSARTAN vs ENALAPRIL

Losartan and Enalapril are commonly used medicines for treating high blood pressure and heart conditions. Although both lower blood pressure, they work in different ways.

Losartan
• Drug Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
• Mechanism: Blocks angiotensin II receptors, relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure.
• Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, kidney protection in diabetes, stroke prevention.
• Common Side Effects: Dizziness, low blood pressure, high potassium levels, fatigue.

Enalapril
• Drug Class: ACE Inhibitor (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor)
• Mechanism: Blocks the ACE enzyme, preventing the formation of angiotensin II and lowering blood pressure.
• Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, prevention of heart damage after heart attack, kidney protection.
• Common Side Effects: Dry cough, dizziness, low blood pressure, high potassium levels.

Key Difference
• Losartan usually does not cause dry cough.
• Enalapril may cause dry cough in some patients.

Summary:
Both medicines are effective for blood pressure and heart disease, but Losartan is often used when ACE inhibitors like Enalapril cause cough.

Dr Fatah Hamid

Dr Fatah Hamid

09/03/2026

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