12/09/2025
🔹 What is IBS?
IBS is a chronic functional disorder of the digestive system in which the intestines don’t work properly, but there is no structural damage. It mainly affects the large intestine (colon).
🔹 Common Symptoms
Abdominal pain or cramping (relieved after passing stool)
Bloating & excessive gas
Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating both
Mucus in stool
Feeling of incomplete evacuation after passing stool
🔹 Types of IBS
1. IBS-D → diarrhea predominant
2. IBS-C → constipation predominant
3. IBS-M → mixed type (both diarrhea & constipation)
4. IBS-U → unsubtyped
🔹 Causes / Risk Factors
Exact cause is unknown, but factors include:
Abnormal gut motility
Increased gut sensitivity
Stress, anxiety, depression
Hormonal changes (worse in women around menstruation)
Food intolerances (spicy, fatty foods, caffeine, lactose, gluten in some cases)
Post-infectious changes (after stomach infection)
🔹 Management
👉 Lifestyle & Diet
High fiber diet (for IBS-C)
Low FODMAP diet (avoiding certain fermentable carbs)
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, carbonated drinks, spicy foods
Small frequent meals
Stay hydrated
👉 Medications (based on type)
For pain & cramps → Antispasmodics (e.g., Hyoscine, Dicyclomine)
For diarrhea → Loperamide, Rifaximin (in some cases)
For constipation → Laxatives (e.g., Lactulose, PEG), Linaclotide
For bloating → Simethicone, probiotics
For stress/anxiety → Sometimes antidepressants (SSRIs, TCAs)
👉 General
Regular exercise
Stress reduction (yoga, meditation, counseling)
Adequate sleep
🔴 Red Flags (NOT IBS if present)
Blood in stool
Unintentional weight loss
Fever
Nocturnal symptoms (waking up at night due to pain/diarrhea)
Family history of colon cancer or IBD
If these are present → further evaluation for IBD, colon cancer, celiac disease, or infections.
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