14/01/2026
I was reading about Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning recently, the one with the Heinz dilemma about whether a man should steal medicine to save his wife. It lays out how people think about right and wrong in terms of punishment, rules, approval, and ethics.
But working with men in family violence and behaviour change programs, I often see another layer that doesn’t show up in those examples.
In psychology, a lot of moral theories focus on the individual. What is right, what is fair, what is safe, and what protects people’s rights. That makes sense in individual-focused cultures, where people are taught to think in terms of “me”, “my choices”, and “my responsibility”.
But many of the men I work with don’t come from that kind of cultural lens.
In many family- and community-focused cultures, behaviour is not just about the individual. What a person does reflects on their parents, their family, their community, and sometimes even their whole culture or country. Honour and shame are shared. Guilt is carried by a much bigger circle.
So when a man from these backgrounds is asked to face his use of violence, he is often dealing with more than personal guilt. He may be carrying the fear that admitting harm will shame his family, disappoint his community, or make his people look bad. That creates a deep moral conflict inside.
This is one of the reasons some men in Men’s Behaviour Change or Caring Dads programs appear defensive, withdrawn, or minimising. It can look like a lack of accountability, but often it is a struggle between taking responsibility and protecting their sense of belonging and identity.
As practitioners, this matters. Behaviour change is not just about teaching skills or enforcing rules. It is about helping men move through these moral and cultural tensions in a way that allows them to own their behaviour without feeling like they have to lose who they are, or fear being rejected by their people.
When we can hold both accountability and cultural context, we create the conditions for real and lasting change.