16/06/2025
INTEROCEPTION: THE 8TH SENSE.
Interoception is our sense of our internal sensations - its our sense that tells us "my mouth is dry, I should get a drink of water", or "my leg is going numb from sitting on it, I think I need to change position".
But interoception doesn't just appear when we are born - like our other sensory systems, it takes time to develop. Research suggests that infants begin by developing interoceptive feedback about what is necessary for their survival (Harshaw, 2008; Zhou et al., 2022). Through their caregivers providing for their needs, infants start to learn actions associated with their internal interoceptive feedback (for example, when an infant feels thirsty, they begin to learn about the action of drinking, which quenches their thirst). Throughout childhood, interoception matures and children become more sophisticated at consciously recognizing and interpreting their internal body signals. They also learn to respond to their body signals - what do I need based on what my body is telling me?
Autistic individuals may more frequently report interoception differences (Williams et al., 2022). This means, Autistic people may interpret internal body information differently, which can impact on the way they self-regulate and participate in daily activities. Working with an Occupational Therapist can support people to develop their interoceptive awareness.
References to cited research below π
Zhou, H.,Gao, Q., Chen, W., & Wei, Q. (2022). Action Understanding Promoted by Interoception in Children: A Developmental Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.724677
Harshaw, C. (2008). Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satietyβ. Developmental Review, 28(4), 541β569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2008.08.001
Williams, Z. J., Suzman, E., Bordman, S. L., Markfeld, J. E., Kaiser, S. M., Dunham, K. A., Zoltowski, A. R., Failla, M. D., Cascio, C. J., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2022). Characterizing Interoceptive Differences in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Caseβcontrol Studies. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53.