VetRef

VetRef are pocket sized reference cards for veterinarians, vet nurses, vet techs, and students.

02/12/2022

This poor dog came in with respiratory distress. On radiographs, a pulmonary oedema was noted. However, this dog didn’t have a heart murmur!

Non-cardiogenic causes of pulmonary oedema include:
- Obstruction
- Brain trauma
- Electrocution
- Seizures

This can then progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome 🫁

27/11/2022

What is an intussusception?
An intussusception is where one segment of the intestine telescopes into the lumen of an adjacent section of intestine. It can occur at any point of the GI tract but most commonly the jejunum or ileocecocolic junction are involved.

What causes an intussusception?
Any cause of enteritis, hyper motility or ileus can result in an intussusception.
🪱Intestinal parasites
🪱Protozoal, bacterial, or viral infections
🪱Intestinal foreign bodies
🪱Abrupt dietary changes
🪱Intestinal masses

How do I diagnose it?
🩺Palpation of the abdomen can sometimes feel a thickened sausage-shaped intestinal loop
🩺Radiographs can show a typical pattern of intestinal obstruction with gas and fluid filled dilated loops of bowel
🩺Ultrasound can show a bullseye

How is it treated?
Surgery is the go-to option for intussusception. While intussusceptions can be manually reduced, it is more common for an enterectomy to be performed to remove any damaged tissue.

15/11/2022

Scrotal ablations are an oddly satisfying surgery for me.

Scrotal ablations are typically performed when castrating an older dog with a pendulous sc***um for cosmetic reasons. They can also be performed due to scrotal trauma, infection, or neoplasia.

In this case, the patient had a epididymitis/orchitis. You can see in the first photo just how angry and swollen the testicle is 😮

06/11/2022

Looking after patients under an anaesthetic can be stressful! These cards provide need to know info to help keep patients safe ✨

19/10/2022

Get 30% off all products this spooky season 🕷 Ends 31st October 🎃

18/10/2022

I performed my first ever thoracocentesis last month!

This poor kitty came in for tachypnea and dyspnea. Radiographs showed pleural effusion and after a mild panic, the team got together to drain the fluid from the pleural space and provide the kitty with some relief.

A total of 120ml was removed from the chest. The effusion was determined to be a modified transudate with differentials including cardiac vs neoplasia.

The patient was transferred to AES and then VSS. Thankfully it was a cardiac case and kitty is doing well at home with medication ✨

13/10/2022

ECG’s can be confusing at the best of times. Know the normal ECG trace to recognise the abnormal. The Cardiology reference card runs through the components of an ECG trace and, on the flip side, heart murmurs.

02/10/2022

Solensia is an injectable monoclonal antibody therapy that is administered monthly to help manage feline osteoarthritis pain.

Solensia works to reduce the negative impact nerve growth factors have in osteoarthritic joints. This helps to improve their mobility, comfort, and well-being.

As Solensia functions like naturally occurring antibodies, it is eliminated with minimal involvement of the liver or kidneys. This makes it suitable for cats with IRIS stage 1 or 2.

Solensia should not be administered to cats less than 12 months old, breeding cats, pregnant or lactating queens, or cats less than 2kg.

27/09/2022

This poor puppy fell down a few stairs and ended up with a dislocated hip! Closed reduction was unsuccessful and she was treated with a FHO at VSS. She’s now pain free and bounding around happily 💕

20/09/2022

🤢🤢🤢

17/09/2022

What is a biliary mucocele?
A biliary mucocele occurs when there is a delay in gall bladder contraction. This allows bile acids to accumulate. With such accumulation, the lining of the gall bladder becomes inflamed and responds by making more mucous. Soon the bile becomes mainly mucous, congealing in the gall bladder.

What are the clinical signs?
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Inappetence
- Jaundice
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhoea
- Pyrexia

How is it diagnosed?
A blood panel is usually the first step to identify that the liver is the source of the problem. Ultrasound helps to pinpoint it to the gall bladder. Mucoceles have a very characteristic appearance of a cut kiwi.

How is it treated?
Surgery is gold standard treatment of a biliary mucocele. A cholecystectomy is performed to remove the gall bladder before it ruptures.

10/09/2022

This pup presented for inappetence and regurgitation. On physical exam, she had a very distended and tense abdomen. A quick ultrasound showed a very large splenic mass. While she was an older gal, the owner’s were amazing and trusted us to remove the mass.

While I had made the diagnosis, the pup was showing AV blocks during surgical prep. For the benefit of the patient, our wonderful senior surgeon stepped in and whipped out this spleen in what felt like 2 minutes. This was a 2kg spleen in a (post-surgery) 5kg dog. The owner’s joked we gave the pup some liposuction!

Thankfully it was only a haemangioma and not a haemangiosarcoma.

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Gold Coast, QLD

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