01/03/2022
Panic attacks
The physiological response to a panic attack is when the sympathetic nervous system causes a fight, flight or freeze response. They’re uncomfortable (understatement of the day) as they can feel like you’re having a heart attack, stroke or life threatening issue. The result of this is increased heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, rapid breathing, dilated pupils, perspiration, blood flows to the extremities, and digestion slows. The reasons for this is to set the body up ready for defence or attack and is due to the release of adrenaline and cortisol. During a panic attack it can be hard to deal with the bodies reactions when there is no apparent threat, an attack can occur when you’re comfortable at home watching TV and for no apparent reason you’re in fight or flight mode. Now, if the situation was a real threat, we would actually welcome the bodies automatic response as it sets us up for survival. The problem is obviously that we’re in fight or flight mode for no obvious reason.
Due to the fear of the feelings experienced during a panic attack such as I’m going to die, I’ll pass out, it’s a heart attack, the fear is actually multiplied and the symptoms of the attack get worse as you convince yourself there’s good reason for the feelings you’re experiencing hence a vicious cycle.
The amygdala is responsible for activating the fight flight response, it’s vigilant in watching out for anything that can cause harm, however it can be a little over active and perceive threat when there is none and set off all the necessary responses to threat. Great when you need it, but very unwanted when you don’t. A realistic example could be walking with your partner in the shops, peripheral vision detects a perceived threat, amygdala kicks in, and before you know it panic attack.
Ways to overcome. 1st. Recognise the increased heart rate and/or rapid breathing and understand it doesn’t mean you’re in danger, it’s simply the amygdala setting off false alarms, which it can and does do regularly for some people. There’s multiple reasons this occurs for some and not for others but that’s another conversation.
2nd. Consider the internal language you’re about to use, for example “this is more serious than I thought” will tell the amygdala it’s right and time to kick it up a notch!
3rd. Don’t fight it, let the body go through its moments of stress, fighting it only makes the issues worse so it’s better to embrace it, take it’s course and settle when the amygdala decides it’s all good.
4th. Allow the time it takes, you can’t speed it up so there’s no point in trying. Attacks generally last from a few minutes upwards and peak at around 10 minutes. It may seem like an eternity but it isn’t, it’s a few minutes of re-training the brain that all’s well.
5th. Stay present, focus on what you can see, hear, and feel. Don’t allow the attack to distract you from the staying in the moment as not doing this allows you to focus on the uncomfortable physiology which will only serve to maintain the attack.
The 5-4-3-2-1 method is worth remembering and mega simple.
5 things you can see
4 things you can feel
3 things you can hear
2 things you can smell
1 thing you can taste
It’s also a good idea to practice muscle relaxation technique to help reduce the intensity of panic attacks. Muscle relaxation activates the parasympathetic nervous system which lowers blood pressure, slows heart rate, breathing and promotes digestion. All the opposite to what the amygdala is capable of doing.
False beliefs of panic attacks.
“I’m going to stop breathing” nope, you’re not. The brain won’t allow it so you’re all good.
“I’m going to faint” Actually, the opposite will happen as fainting is due to a sudden drop in blood pressure, a panic attack as discussed increases blood pressure so again, you’re all good.
“I’m going to lose control of myself” No you’re not, during an attack your senses are heightened not reduced.
Take a deep breath… NO! It only makes it worse. Breath normally and go back to the 54321 as it will take your mind off the symptoms while they pass.