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23/02/2023

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27/08/2022

Progesterone and Men

It is important to understand, that progesterone is not a feminising hormone. Progesterone is also produced by the te**es; in men and has significant benefits. Not least, it keeps oestrogen in check!

* It inhibits 5-alpha reductase, which converts testosterone into the more aggressive DHT (7)

* It inhibits noradrenaline in men; this stress hormone can limit libido.

* Progesterone can improve s***m counts - oestrogen and xenoestrogen, reduce them (8)

* Progesterone is involved in a good night's sleep

* Progesterone is involved in bone mass for men, not just women

* Progesterone can reduce high blood pressure in men too.

26/08/2022

IP-6 and Prostate cancer

In 2010, Dr. Mallikarjuna Gu at the University of Colorado Cancer Center found that inositol hexaphosphate (IP-6, or phytic acid), a naturally occurring compound found in high fibre foods and supplements could block P13K-Akt, a core cancer pathway, both in Petri dishes and in animals with prostate cancer. Gu and his team had found a major target to restrict cancer progression (1).

Leader of the Cancer Center’s program on treatment and prevention, Dr. Rajesh Agarwal said that inositol, a B vitamin, which is found in high fibre foods such as nuts, seeds, grains, lentils and other legumes, may explain why those people who eat high fibre diets develop less cancers. IP-6 is not exactly the same as inositol, although it too is naturally occurring in the same foods; it is an inositol molecule with 6 phosphate groups attached.

Indeed, some of the best results with arresting cancer progression occurred when the research team used both inositol and IP-6 together. One of the best natural sources of IP-6 is found in rice-bran extract.

This was not the first time IP-6 had shown benefit with prostate cancer. Agarwal and Rana Singh in the same centre had shown that oral supplementation of IP-6 inhibited cancer growth, progression and signaling in mice models in a pilot study. IP-6 was also shown to target angiogenesis - blood supply to tumours (6).

08/04/2022

Disruption of nocturnal MLT secretion in night shift workers has been associated with modestly increased risk for breast and other cancer types.5-8 A 2005 meta-analysis of 13 observational studies found significantly increased breast cancer incidence among female airline cabin crew (standardized incidence ratio = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-1.65) and in female night workers (relative risk [RR] = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.36-1.68).9 More recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer reclassified “shiftwork that involves circadian disruption”10 from a possible to a probable (group 2A) human carcinogen, in recognition of this relationship.
On the strength of these findings, Denmark has become the first country to declare breast cancer an “occupational disease.”11 Danish women with breast cancer have begun receiving compensation if, without any other risk factors, they had been working at least 1 night shift a week for the past 20 years.10,11 This development highlights MLT as highly relevant not only within the field of medical oncology but also in the area of public health.
As a possible explanation of the mechanism by which MLT may affect breast cancer risk, the melatonin hypothesis suggests that lowered levels of MLT secretion at night may lead to increased estrogen levels and increased turnover of breast epithelial stem cells, with subsequent increased risk of malignant transformation.12 MLT appears to impact estrogen metabolism through selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and selective estrogen enzyme modulator (SEEM) activity.13
In addition to hormonal effects, MLT is thought to possess immunopotentiating and oncostatic effects by increasing the activity of T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells, and immunoactive cytokines (IFN [interferon]-γ, IL [interleukin]-2, IL-6, and IL-12) as well as promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.2,3 Human intervention trials of MLT for the prevention of cancer are notably lacking; however, studies of MLT for active treatment of cancer have been promising.
In 2005, we published a meta-analysis reviewing 10 human trials of MLT in solid tumor cancers and reported findings of mortality at 1 year (RR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.59-0.73).4 Many of these trials were conducted in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents, including tamoxifen, cisplatin, etoposide, IL-2, and radiotherapy. Although the pooled analysis showed benefit on survival, the impacts of MLT on chemotherapy-induced side effects such as alopecia, asthenia, and thrombocytopenia were not reviewed. This systematic review and meta-analysis updates our 2005 meta-analysis. In addition to updating pooled survival statistics, this review holds special relevance to the use of MLT alongside chemotherapy: it assesses the impact of MLT with chemotherapy on therapeutic efficacy, measured as patient survival, and assesses the tolerability of chemotherapy, measured as the extent of chemotherapy-associated toxicities.

03/03/2022

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted in great quantity in prostatic tumoral glandular tissue with a significant higher rate in hormono-refractory phase. Importance of IL-6 dependent mechanism in prostate cancer progression is well argued. IL-6 seems to be implicated in androgen receptor activation in lack of steroid ligand, apoptosis decrease and increase of invasive capacity and angiogenesis via three major signaling pathways: MAPK, STAT3 and PI3K-Akt. As AR is a key factor of prostate cancer progression, IL-6 implication in this activation underlines IL-6 importance in prostate cancer. IL-6 also induces neuroendocrine differentiation. This phenomenon received a detailed attention because it would take part in pathogenicity and progression of prostate cancer. Although complementary studies seem necessary, taking into account its strong implication in prostate cancer progression, IL-6 seems to be a new potential therapeutic target of prostate cancer.

23/02/2022

turmeric. Anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric have been known for centuries and extensive studies over the last two to three decades revealed that curcumin is a key component in the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric. Chronic inflammation is involved in the various pathologic states and curcumin demonstrated therapeutic effects in different inflammation-related diseases in various in vivo, in vitro and human based studies through regulation of different signaling molecules including transcription factors, chemokines, cytokines, tumor suppressor genes, adhesion molecules and microRNAs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays important roles in various events during inflammation including regulation of antibody (and autoantibody) production, activation of T cells, differentiation of B cells, increased production of acute-phase proteins, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and osteoclast differentiation. IL-6 is also involved in pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases. There are numerous studies demonstrating association of down-regulation of IL-6 and/or inhibition of IL-6 signaling with therapeutic effects of curcumin suggesting a role for modulation of IL-6 in anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin. Moreover, curcumin can be considered as potential therapy against IL-6 involved pathologic stats. In this narrative review, the in vitro, experimental and clinical studies that report association of IL-6 inhibition and therapeutic effects of curcumin are discussed.

02/02/2022

Excess body weight is associated not only with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also with various types of malignancies. Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue, exhibits insulin-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Circulating adiponectin levels, which are determined predominantly by genetic factors, diet, physical activity, and abdominal adiposity, are decreased in patients with diabetes, CVD, and several obesity-associated cancers. Also, adiponectin levels are inversely associated with the risk of developing diabetes, CVD, and several malignancies later in life. Many cancer cell lines express adiponectin receptors, and adiponectin in vitro limits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Recent in vitro studies demonstrate the antiangiogenic and tumor growth-limiting properties of adiponectin. Studies in both animals and humans have investigated adiponectin and adiponectin receptor regulation and expression in several cancers. Current evidence supports a role of adiponectin as a novel risk factor and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer. In addition, either adiponectin per se or medications that increase adiponectin levels or up-regulate signaling pathways downstream of adiponectin may prove to be useful anticancer agents. This review presents the role of adiponectin in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and examines the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the association between adiponectin and malignancy in the context of a dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding of these mechanisms may be important for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against obesity-associated malignancies.

18/01/2022

Estrogen is involved in number of cancers [80]. Honey modulates estrogen by its antagonistic action. It may be useful in estrogen-dependent cancers such as breasts and endometrial cancers [17]. Estrogen receptors tie to estrogens to dimerize and then translocate into the nuclei. These complexes then bind to the specific DNA base sequences called estrogen-response elements (EREs) resulting in transcription and translation of the estrogenic effect in the targeted tissue [80]. This signaling cascade induced by estrogens may be modulated at any stage [80]. Honeys from various floral sources are reported to mediate estrogenic effects via the modulation of estrogen receptor activity [17, 81]. This effect is attributed to its phenolic content [17]. Greek honey extracts exert estrogen agonistic effect at high concentrations (20–100 lg/mL) and antagonistic effect at low concentrations (0.2–5 μg/mL) [17].

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9. Conclusion
Evidence is growing that honey may have the potential to be anticancer agent through several mechanisms (Figure 3). Though the full mechanism is yet to be fully understood, studies have shown that honey has anticancer effect through its interference with multiple cell-signaling pathways, such as inducing apoptosis, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimutagenic pathways. Honey modulates the body immune system. There are still many unanswered questions; why sugar is carcinogenic, while honey which is basically sugar has anticarcinogenic properties. Honey of different floral sources may give different effects. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the positive effect of honey and cancer. What is seen in cell cultures or animal experimentations may not apply to humans. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to validate the authenticity of honey either alone or as adjuvant therapy.

10/11/2021

Elevated circulating insulin levels are frequently observed in the setting of obesity and early type 2 diabetes, as a result of insensitivity of metabolic tissues to the effects of insulin. Higher levels of circulating insulin have been associated with increased cancer risk and progression in epidemiology studies. Elevated circulating insulin is believed to be a major factor linking obesity, diabetes and cancer. With the development of targeted cancer therapies, insulin signalling has emerged as a mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Although metabolic tissues become insensitive to insulin in the setting of obesity, a number of mechanisms allow cancer cells to maintain their ability to respond to insulin. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the insulin receptor and its signalling pathways in cancer, and a number of lessons have been learnt from therapeutic failures. These discoveries have led to numerous clinical trials that have aimed to reduce the levels of circulating insulin and to abrogate insulin signalling in cancer cells. With the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide, and the realization that hyperinsulinaemia may contribute to therapeutic failures, it is essential to understand how insulin and insulin receptor signalling promote cancer progression.

28/09/2021

Progesterone Treatment of Prostate Cancer has become a popular search that lots of people do when talking about prostate cancer. Do you know that progesterone -a reproductive hormones found in women- can be used in the treatment of prostate cancer? This is a fact and this can be applied as “Hormonal Therapy”. Researches have discovered that excess testosterone produced by the testicles can be converted into Dihydrotesteosterone or DHT. If this happens, cancer cells are developed in the prostate to counter or inhibit the actions of DHT in the body. Progesterone treatment is applied to help with this.

Treatment of prostate cancer with progesterone can be referred to as Androgen Deprivation Therapy or ADT. The aim of the treatment is to restrict or inhibit testosterone in the body. This procedure has been applied effectively over the years and many doctors or physicians recommend it for various stages of prostate cancer.

11/08/2021

The importance of maintaining optimal vitamin D levels here are a few more of the reported benefits of vitamin D supplementation for people with kidney disease:

Serum parathyroid hormone levels decrease
Reduced proteinuria
Improvement in endothelial cardiovascular markers
Reduced inflammatory markers and reduced oxidative stress
Better control of blood sugar levels and diabetes
Lower blood pressure
Increased red blood cell production and iron levels
Decreased need for erythropoiesis stimulating agents
Slower progression of kidney disease and improved survival
Please take D3 if you have low blood levels.