Metanalyses

20/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today (Accessible in the Philippines: January 20, 2026) - This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of exercise interventions on physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

TITLE: IMPACT OF EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION, CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-026-06514-1

🅼 Key Findings:

• Exercise interventions significantly improved physical function scores in youth with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) compared to control groups receiving standard care alone.

• Cardiorespiratory fitness showed marked enhancement, particularly in patients engaging in combined aerobic and resistance training programs for at least 8 weeks.

• The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), specifically within the physical and psychosocial health domains.

• Exercise was found to be safe, with no significant increase in disease activity, pain intensity, or the number of active joints, dispelling concerns about exercise-induced flares.

• Reductions in morning stiffness duration and severity were observed in groups participating in regular, supervised physical activity sessions.

• Psychological benefits included reduced symptoms of anxiety and depressive scores, contributing to better overall mental well-being in young patients.

• High adherence rates were associated with supervised interventions, highlighting the importance of guided therapy over unsupervised home programs.

• The study supports the inclusion of structured exercise as a non-pharmacological pillar in the management of JIA to optimize long-term outcomes.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

These findings provide strong evidence for clinicians to confidently prescribe tailored exercise programs for patients with JIA. The demonstrated safety and multifaceted benefits—ranging from physical fitness to psychological health—underscore that physical activity should be a standard of care, not merely an adjunct. Multidisciplinary teams should prioritize integrating supervised exercise early in treatment plans.



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20/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today (January 20, 2026) - This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the prevalence and severity of perioperative depressive symptoms in surgical cancer patients using self-reported tools to optimize mental health screening and interventions.

TITLE: PERIOPERATIVE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN SURGICAL CANCER PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-026-19095-1

🅼 Key Findings:

• This comprehensive study synthesized data from 526 studies involving 103,075 surgical cancer patients to evaluate depression prevalence. • Approximately 24% of all surgical cancer patients reported clinically significant depressive symptoms during the perioperative period. • The analysis revealed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in the preoperative phase compared to the postoperative period (P < 0.0001). • Patients with breast or prostate cancer followed the general trend of higher preoperative distress, whereas patients with other solid tumors experienced higher postoperative distress. • Brain cancer patients reported the highest levels of postoperative distress (mean score 5.1), indicating a need for specialized neurological and psychological support. • Postoperative distress levels remained elevated for up to 30 days after surgery before showing a decline, marking a critical window for intervention. • Psychotherapeutic interventions, specifically Integrative Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (IMCP) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), were found effective.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

These findings underscore the critical need for routine mental health screening in the preoperative setting for all cancer surgery patients. Surgeons and oncology teams should stratify support based on cancer type, with extended postoperative psychological care for brain and solid tumor patients. Implementing targeted therapies like IMCP and MBCT during the perioperative window can significantly reduce distress and improve quality of life.



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20/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today January 20, 2026 - This meta-analysis evaluates the optimal surgical management strategies for incarcerated and strangulated inguinal hernias, comparing early vs. late intervention, mesh vs. tissue repair, and laparoscopic vs. open approaches.

TITLE: SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF INCARCERATED AND STRANGULATED INGUINAL HERNIAS REQUIRING URGENT SURGICAL INTERVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000004740

🅼 Key Findings:

• Early surgical intervention (defined as

20/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today 20 January 2026 - A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem MRI compared to conventional autopsy for detecting cardiac anomalies in fetal and perinatal deaths.

TITLE: DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF POST-MORTEM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR CARDIAC ANOMALIES IN FETAL AND PERINATAL DEATHS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2025-0528

🅼 Key Findings:

🅼 This meta-analysis synthesized data from 12 studies involving 1,810 fetuses to evaluate post-mortem MRI (pmMRI) accuracy.

🅼 The pooled sensitivity for detecting cardiac anomalies was 76% (95% CI: 71-80%), while specificity was high at 96% (95% CI: 95-97%).

🅼 Diagnostic performance was excellent, with a Diagnostic Odds Ratio of 55.35 and an area under the SROC curve (AUC) of 0.89.

🅼 Subgroup analyses indicated that sensitivity was comparable between 1.5 T and 3 T MRI scanners, though specificity was slightly higher at 1.5 T.

🅼 Diagnostic accuracy was notably better in larger fetuses and when using high-field strength MRI (e.g., 9.4 T).

🅼 The study concludes that pmMRI is a highly specific and moderately sensitive non-invasive adjunct to conventional autopsy.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

Post-mortem MRI serves as a critical non-invasive alternative for diagnosing congenital heart defects in perinatal deaths, particularly when parents refuse traditional autopsy. Its high specificity ensures reliable identification of anomalies, which is essential for genetic counseling and managing future pregnancies, potentially improving uptake of post-mortem investigations.



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20/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today (January 20, 2026) - This study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focused on identifying novel genetic susceptibility loci for Type 2 Diabetes specifically within East Asian populations.

TITLE: META-ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES IDENTIFIES NOVEL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES IN EAST ASIAN INDIVIDUALS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s10038-026-01454-1

🅼 Key Findings:

’ The meta-analysis integrated data from over 250,000 individuals of East Asian ancestry, identifying 14 novel genetic loci significantly associated with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk that were previously undetected in European-centric studies.

’ Functional mapping of these novel loci highlights the critical role of beta-cell function and insulin secretion pathways, rather than insulin resistance, as primary drivers of T2D pathogenesis in this demographic.

’ A newly developed population-specific Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) demonstrated a 22% improvement in predicting T2D onset compared to standard multi-ethnic risk scores.

’ The study reveals significant heterogeneity in effect sizes for known risk variants, emphasizing the biological necessity of ancestry-specific genomic research for accurate disease modeling.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

The identification of population-specific genetic drivers for Type 2 Diabetes enables more precise risk stratification for patients of East Asian descent. Clinicians can utilize the refined Polygenic Risk Score to identify high-risk individuals earlier, allowing for targeted lifestyle interventions and monitoring of beta-cell function before the onset of clinical hyperglycemia.



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20/01/2026

19/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today 19 January 2026 - This study evaluates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy's impact on 2,337 high-altitude respiratory patients, improving psychological states, sleep quality, and physiological hypoxia tolerance.

TITLE: COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ENHANCES PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN HIGH-ALTITUDE RESPIRATORY PATIENTS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.111581

🅼 Key Findings:

🔹 This large-scale clinical trial of 2,337 high-altitude respiratory patients demonstrates that integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with standard care significantly outperforms routine nursing alone.

🔹 CBT recipients reached 94% health-knowledge mastery, proving that psychological intervention drastically improves patient understanding and self-management of respiratory conditions.

🔹 Anxiety and sleep disorder scores were halved in the CBT group, offering substantial relief from the psychological distress and insomnia commonly exacerbated by high-altitude hypoxia.

🔹 Physiological markers improved significantly; lower serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and erythropoietin levels indicate that CBT actually enhances the body's physical tolerance to low oxygen.

🔹 With nursing satisfaction rising to 96%, this study validates CBT as a cost-effective, high-yield strategy that elevates the standard of care in plateau medical environments.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

This study confirms CBT as a vital, low-cost adjunct for treating high-altitude respiratory conditions. By significantly reducing anxiety, improving sleep, and enhancing physiological hypoxia tolerance, CBT offers a holistic approach that boosts patient recovery and nursing satisfaction, essential for military or civilian care in plateau regions.



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19/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today (January 19, 2026) - A meta-analysis synthesizing data from 13 studies to determine if preoperative serum cholinesterase levels can predict the risk of delirium in surgical patients.

TITLE: PREOPERATIVE BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY AND RISK OF POSTOPERATIVE DELIRIUM: A META-ANALYSIS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112450

🅼 Key Findings:

’ Synthesized data from 13 observational studies involving 2,730 adult surgical patients to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative serum cholinesterase levels for postoperative delirium (POD).

’ Investigated the "cholinergic deficiency hypothesis," which posits that impaired central cholinergic regulation predisposes patients to acute cognitive dysfunction following surgery.

’ Results demonstrated that lower preoperative serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing POD.

’ Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity levels, conversely, showed no consistent or statistically significant correlation with the development of delirium in this pooled analysis.

’ BuChE is highlighted as a promising, accessible, and cost-effective biomarker for early risk stratification that can be easily integrated into routine preoperative blood panels.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

POD leads to prolonged hospitalization, long-term cognitive decline, and higher mortality rates. This study validates serum BuChE as a vital tool for preoperative screening. By identifying patients with low BuChE activity early, clinicians can implement targeted prophylactic strategies—such as tailored anesthesia and non-pharmacological interventions—to mitigate delirium risk and protect brain health.



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19/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today (January 19, 2026) - This study synthesizes RCTs to evaluate Traditional Chinese Medicine "liver-soothing formulas" for treating anxiety and depression in perimenopausal women, comparing them to conventional therapies.

TITLE: META-ANALYSIS ON THE EFFICACY OF LIVER-SOOTHING FORMULAS FOR PERIMENOPAUSAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.111471

🅼 Key Findings:

🅼 The analysis revealed that liver-soothing formulas significantly reduced anxiety scores in perimenopausal women when used alone (SMD = -0.34) or in combination with other treatments (SMD = -0.88).

🅼 For depression, combination therapy produced significantly lower symptom scores compared to control groups, showing a strong synergistic effect when used alongside other interventions.

🅼 Monotherapy demonstrated superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety compared to placebo or conventional Western medicine, providing a viable alternative for symptom management.

🅼 There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the treatment and control groups, indicating a favorable safety profile for these formulas.

🅼 The treatment did not affect estrogen levels, suggesting the mechanism of action is independent of hormonal modulation.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

These findings support the use of liver-soothing formulas as safe, effective options for perimenopausal anxiety, especially for patients seeking non-hormonal alternatives. Clinicians should consider them as monotherapy for anxiety or adjunctive therapy for depression to enhance outcomes without increasing adverse events.



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19/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today 19 January 2026 - This meta-analysis evaluates the prevalence of fungemia (fungal blood infections) in people with HIV after the 1996 introduction of antiretroviral therapy, focusing on geographic and pathogen trends.

TITLE: PREVALENCE OF FUNGEMIA IN PEOPLE WITH HIV: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010225

🅼 Key Findings:

This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed 12 studies comprising 27,729 people with HIV (PWH) to assess the burden of fungemia in the post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era.

The overall pooled prevalence of fungemia in PWH was determined to be 3.3% (95% CI: 1.53%–4.96%), indicating that fungal bloodstream infections remain a significant concern despite modern treatments.

Geographic analysis revealed that the highest burden of fungemia is in Asia, with a prevalence rate of 6.8%, significantly higher than other regions included in the review.

The specific pathogen Talaromyces marneffei was the most common cause, with a prevalence of 4.8%, though it was exclusively identified in studies conducted within Asian countries.

A temporal comparison showed a decline in prevalence from 5.8% (1996–2015) to 1.0% (2015–2025), though this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.273).

🅼 Clinical Relevance

Clinicians managing HIV patients, particularly in Asian regions, must maintain high suspicion for fungemia even in the ART era. With a 3.3% overall prevalence and Talaromyces marneffei affecting nearly 5% of patients in Asia, early diagnostic screening for fungal pathogens is vital. The persistence of infection risks suggests that ART alone is insufficient to eliminate fungemia threats.



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19/01/2026

🅜🅔🅣🅐 Published Today (January 19, 2026) - This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

TITLE: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TOFACITINIB FOR CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

🅼 Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-026-07937-y

🅼 Key Findings:

• This meta-analysis included 6 randomized controlled trials involving 1,393 patients (844 treated with tofacitinib and 549 with placebo) to evaluate the drug's impact on skin and joint symptoms.

• Tofacitinib demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75 (PASI75) response and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) response compared to placebo in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.

• In patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), tofacitinib significantly improved American College of Rheumatology 20/50 (ACR20/50) response rates, indicating reduced joint pain and swelling.

• The treatment also led to significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes, including the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) scores, and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI).

• While adverse events (AEs) were monitored, the analysis found no statistically significant difference in the rate of serious adverse events (SAEs) between tofacitinib and placebo groups in this specific cohort, though long-term safety monitoring remains essential.

• Subgroup analyses suggested dose-dependent efficacy, with 10 mg twice daily showing robust results, though 5 mg twice daily is the standard approved dose for PsA in many regions due to safety considerations.

🅼 Clinical Relevance

For clinicians treating psoriatic disease, this meta-analysis confirms that tofacitinib is a highly effective oral therapy that addresses both cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. The significant improvements in physical function and fatigue scores highlight its value in enhancing quality of life. However, while short-term safety data appears favorable in this analysis, vigilance regarding herpes zoster and venous thromboembolism risks is still advised, particularly in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.



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