02/12/2025
I was very blessed to share a dinner and professional development evening recently with some local speech pathologists at our network meeting. The paper shared with us was on the link between Language and Executive functioning so I thought I'd share a summary with you.
How Thinking Skills and Language Grow Together in Young Children
(And why this matters for your child!)
As speech pathologists, we often talk about language developmentāvocabulary, sentences, storytellingābut thereās another important part of the puzzle: your childās executive functioning skills.
A recent research review by Shokrkon & Nicoladis (2022) looked at the two-way relationship between language and executive functioning. In simple terms, they wanted to know:
š Does strong thinking/self-control help children learn language?
š Or does strong language help children think, plan, and focus?
š Or⦠do they actually build on each other over time?
Their conclusion?
Language and executive functioning are deeply connected, especially in the early years when children are learning so rapidly.
So what exactly is Executive Functioning?
š§ The 3 Core Executive Functioning Skills
1ļøā£ Working Memory
This is your childās ability to hold information in their mind and use it.
Examples in everyday life:
Remembering the steps in a routine ("Get your shoes, then your hat").
Following multi-step instructions.
Learning new words and remembering their meaning.
2ļøā£ Inhibitory Control
This is your childās ability to pause, think, and choose, instead of acting on impulse.
Examples include:
Waiting their turn.
Not shouting out when excited.
Stopping themselves from grabbing a toy.
3ļøā£ Cognitive Flexibility
This is your child's ability to switch between tasks, or see things from different perspectives.
Examples include:
Coping with a change in routine.
Trying a new strategy when something isnāt working.
Understanding that words can have more than one meaning.
š± Why These Skills Matter
These three areas help children:
⨠Learn and use language
⨠Problem-solve and think creatively
⨠Play successfully with others
⨠Manage emotions and transitions
⨠Thrive in classroom learning
Importantly, the research suggests that as children strengthen their EF skills, their language improves ā and as their language grows, so does their ability to think, plan, and self-regulate. They build each other up!
š¬ What Can Parents Do?
The best part?
š Executive functioning develops through play, language-rich interactions, and everyday routines.
Talking through steps aloud, playing turn-taking games, narrating feelings (āYou really wanted that toy, and waiting is hardā), storytelling, and offering gentle choices all help boost both language and thinking skills.
Reference: Shokrkon, A., & Nicoladis, E. (2022). The directionality of the relationship between executive functions and language skills: A literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 848696.
It has been demonstrated that executive functions play a significant role in different aspects ofthe development of children. Development of language is also...