04/11/2019
Today Medical knowledge topic is Heart Failure. This Chest X-Ray shows an enlerged cardiac silhouette & oedema at the lung bases, sings of Acute Heart Failure.
1. What is Heart ?
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Heart is a pumper. Heart supply blood in whole body in arteries to vein.
2. What is Heart failure ?
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Abnormalities of Cadiac Function is called Heart failure. Sugg- Elevated Diastolic filling Pressure.
Human Normal SBP 110 -120 mmHg & DBP 65 -75 mmHg. Average Normal blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg.
Abnormal Blood Pressure is 3 types.
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a) Pre-Hypertension is SBP 120-139 mmHg & DBP 80-89 mmHg.
b) Stage 1 is SBP 140-159 mmHg & DBP 90-99 mmHg.
c) Stage 2 is SBP 160 ->160 mmHg & 100 ->100 mmHg.
3. How many causes types of Heart Failure ?
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a) Systolic Heart Failure.
b) Diastolic Heart Failure.
c) Acute Heart Failure.
d) High-OutPut Heart Failure.
e) Right Heart Failure.
4. What is Sings & Symptoms of Heart Failure ?
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a) Acute Pulmonary Oedema.
b) Chest Pain, Pressure & Palpitation.
c) Fatigue & Weakness.
d) Nocturia & Oliguria.
e) Anorexia, Weight loss, Nausea.
f) Distention of neck veins.
g) Abnormal Heart sound.
h) Hepatojugular Reflux, Hepatomegaly.
i) Central or Peripheral Cyanosis, Pallor.
j) Tachycardia, Ascites, Abnormal pulse.
k) Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Rales, Wheezing.
l) Visible Pulsation of eyes or Exophthalmos etc.
5. What testing suspected Heart Failure ?
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a) ECG or Electrocardiography.
b) CBC or Complete Blood Count.
c) CXR or Chest plain X-Ray.
d) ABG or Arteries Blood Gas.
e) Lipid Profile or LDL, t.Chol,TG, HDL etc.
f) Urine R.M.E or Urinalysis.
g) Iron Studies or Hb, Ferritin, Iron etc.
h) Renal & Hepato Function Examination.
i) Endogenous Hormones level test.
j) Echocardiogram etc.
6. Classification & Stage of Heart Failure.
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a) Class I & Stage A : No limitations of physical Activity. Actually High risk of Heart Failure but no structural Heart Disease or Symptoms of Heart Failure.
b) Class II & Stage B : Slight limitations of physical Activity. Actually Structural Heart Disease but no symptoms of Heart Failure.
c) Class III & Stage C : Marked limitations of physical Activity. Actually structural Heart Disease & symptoms of Heart Failure.
d) Class IV & Stage D : Symptoms occur even rest or discomfort with any physical Activity. Actually Refractor Heart Failure requiring specialized intervention.
7. How's manage Heart Failure patient ?
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a) Check patient BP, physical activity etc.
b) Abnormal Cardiac Function necessary take one Aspirin 75 - 150 mg tablet.
c) Contact nearest Cardiologist or Medicine specialist doctor or go to nearest hospital.
d) Admitted Medical Emergency Cardiology or Medicine session.
8. What drugs avoid Heart Failure patient ?
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a) Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs
Sugg- Diclofenac, Aceclofenac etc.
b) Calcium Channels Blockers
Sugg- Amlodipine, Nifedipine etc.
c) Sodium Channels Blockers
Sugg- Disopyramide, Mexiletine etc.
d) Potassium Channels Blockers
Sugg- Amiodarone HCL etc.
e) Beta Blockers
Sugg- Sotalol HCL etc.
f) Miscellaneous
Sugg- Adenosine etc.
9. What drugs used Heart Failure patient ?
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a) Angiotensin I & II Receptor Blockers.
Sugg- Losartan, Valsartan etc.
b) angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Sugg- Ramipril, Lisinopril etc.
c) Inotropic Sympathomimetics
Sugg- Dopamine HCL , Dobutamine etc.
d) Lool Diuretics
Sugg- Frusemide, Torasemide etc.
e) Positive Inotropic Drugs
Sugg- Digoxine etc.
f) Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Sugg- Eplerenone, Spironolactone etc.
g) Thiazide Diuretics
Sugg- Hydrochlorothiazide etc.
h) Alpha/Beta Adrenergic Agonists
Sugg- Epherine HCL etc.
i) Nitrates Drugs
Sugg- Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide etc.
j) Vasodilator Drugs
Sugg- Nitropresside Na, Hydralazine etc.
k) Opioid Analgesic Drugs
Sugg- Morphine Sulfate etc.
l) Anti-Coagulants Drugs
Sugg- Warfarin Na etc.
