Sajid Hussain PT,DPT

09/12/2025

The vestibular system is essential for balance, coordination, postural control, and overall motor development. These activities provide targeted vestibular stimulation to support sensory integration and improve a child’s ability to move confidently and efficiently.

The following are the key vestibular focused movements:

✅ Balance – Enhances postural stability and core control
✅ Squat – Develops lower limb strength and joint stability
✅ Jump – Improves coordination, dynamic balance, and body awareness
✅ Swing – Provides rhythmic vestibular input that can help regulate arousal levels
✅ Leap – Strengthens leg muscles and improves motor planning
✅ Crawl – Promotes bilateral coordination and strengthens the upper body and core
✅ Roll – Supports body awareness, midline orientation, and vestibular activation
✅ Stand on One Leg – Improves single-leg balance and proprioception
✅ Spin – Offers rotational vestibular input to enhance spatial orientation
✅ Lean – Develops postural reactions and dynamic balance

These activities are simple, effective, and beneficial for promoting healthy sensory and gross motor development in children.

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08/12/2025

Cystic Fibrosis is a hereditary multisystem disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene. It leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that primarily affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.

✅ Causes

Cystic Fibrosis occurs due to an autosomal recessive mutation in the CFTR gene, which disrupts chloride and sodium transport in the body. This dysfunction results in the buildup of thick mucus in the airways and digestive tract.

✅ Common Symptoms

Children with CF may present with chronic coughing, recurrent lung infections, wheezing or shortness of breath, difficulty gaining weight despite adequate intake, salty-tasting skin, and digestive problems such as greasy stools.

✅ Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through newborn screening, followed by a sweat chloride test, which remains the gold standard. Genetic testing for CFTR mutations, lung function assessments, and chest imaging may also be used to confirm the condition and evaluate severity.

✅ Physiotherapy Management in Pediatrics

Physiotherapy is essential in maintaining airway hygiene, preventing respiratory complications, and promoting functional independence for children with CF.

👉 Airway clearance techniques include chest physiotherapy such as percussion and vibration, the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique, autogenic drainage, and postural drainage positions. Oscillatory and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices may also be used to assist mucus clearance.

👉 Breathing and lung expansion exercises such as diaphragmatic breathing and thoracic mobility exercises help improve ventilation and lung capacity.

👉 Exercise therapy focuses on aerobic conditioning to enhance cardiopulmonary endurance, strength training to support posture and daily function, and age appropriate physical activities to promote overall fitness.

👉 Education for families includes guidance on home airway clearance routines, the importance of hydration and regular physical activity, and monitoring for changes in respiratory symptoms.

Physiotherapy plays a central role in improving lung function, enhancing mucus clearance, reducing infection risk, and supporting long-term quality of life for children with Cystic Fibrosis.

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06/12/2025

Praxis refers to the brain’s ability to conceive, plan, and execute new motor actions. It is a critical component of a child’s ability to learn, play, and perform everyday tasks efficiently. It works through a coordinated process in which the brain generates an idea, organizes the steps, and then guides the body to carry out the action smoothly and effectively.

✅ 1. Ideation
The stage where the child forms the idea for the movement. The brain identifies the purpose or goal of the action.

✅ 2. Planning
This involves sequencing and organizing the steps required to achieve the goal. The brain determines how the movement will be completed.

✅ 3. Ex*****on
The stage where the child physically performs the movement based on the planned steps.

Common Signs of Praxis Challenges:👇

• Difficulty coordinating movements
• Trouble following multi-step instructions
• Avoidance of physical or motor-based activities
• Poor handwriting or difficulty using tools

A clear understanding of motor planning helps identify challenges early and supports the development of coordinated, confident, and functional movement skills.

Physiotherapists use structured activities, sensory-motor strategies, and movement-based therapy to enhance motor planning skills, helping children build confidence, improve functional performance, and achieve developmental milestones.

👉📚 https://t.me/PhysiotherapyEBooks

06/12/2025

Many parents don’t realize that subtle signs like delayed sitting, limited eye contact, or late first words can be early indicators of developmental delay. The good news? With timely physiotherapy and early intervention, children can build stronger motor skills, confidence, and independence.
If you notice something unusual, trust your instincts and seek guidance early. A small step today can make a big difference tomorrow.
see the full article below👇

As children grow, they pass through predictable milestones rolling, sitting, walking, speaking, interacting, and eventually learning complex skills. Although every child develops at their own pace,…

05/12/2025

03/12/2025

The Vignos Functional Rating Scale is a standardized clinical tool used to evaluate and monitor the functional mobility status of individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. It provides a structured, 10-level classification system that describes a patient’s ability to walk, climb stairs, transition between positions, and perform key activities of daily living (ADLs).

✅ Clinical Application:
The scale is used during routine assessments to determine the current stage of motor function and to identify the level of assistance required.
It guides physiotherapists and multidisciplinary teams in developing individualized rehabilitation goals, selecting appropriate assistive devices, and planning interventions such as orthotics, environmental modifications, and wheelchair transitions.
The scale also serves as an important tool for tracking disease progression, evaluating treatment response, and supporting long-term care planning for patients and families.

✅ Purpose:
👉 To objectively measure functional decline in DMD
👉 To support evidence-based physiotherapy and rehabilitation strategies
👉 To facilitate communication among healthcare providers and caregivers
👉 To improve overall quality of life through timely interventions and support

✅ How to determine the Vignos Functional Rating Scale score:
You simply observe the patient’s functional ability and choose the number (1–10) that best matches the description on the scale.
👉 If the patient walks and climbs stairs independently → 1
👉 Walks but cannot climb stairs → 4
👉 Uses a wheelchair but can sit erect and perform ADLs → 7
👉 Bedbound and cannot do ADLs → 10

The score reflects the current level of mobility and ADL performance.

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03/12/2025

International Day of Persons with Disabilities 3 December celebrates the rights, achievements, and contributions of people with disabilities. It raises awareness about accessibility, inclusion, and equal opportunities, reminding us that everyone deserves dignity, independence, and a chance to thrive.

As physiotherapists and rehabilitation professionals, we play a crucial role in promoting independence, improving mobility, and empowering individuals to live meaningful and active lives.

02/12/2025

✅ Causes of low birth weight including
👉 Preterm labor
👉 Chronic maternal health conditions
👉 Gestational diabetes
👉 Use of alcohol, ci******es, or drugs during pregnancy
👉 Poor prenatal nutrition

Babies born with low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg) may face several challenges early in life, making timely intervention essential.

✅ Common Complications of Low Birth Weight

Low birth weight infants are at higher risk of:
👉 Breathing difficulties (such as respiratory distress syndrome)
👉 Feeding difficulties and poor weight gain
👉 Low muscle tone and delayed motor milestones
👉 Weak immune system leading to frequent infections
👉 Temperature instability
👉 Neurological concerns such as developmental delays or sensory issues

✅ Physiotherapy Management for Low Birth Weight Babies

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in supporting healthy development:
👉 Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) to encourage normal movement patterns
👉 Positioning techniques to support breathing and optimal alignment
👉 Tummy time practice to strengthen neck, shoulder, and trunk muscles
👉 Sensory stimulation to enhance visual, auditory, and tactile development
👉 Developmental exercises to promote rolling, reaching, crawling, and age-appropriate milestones
👉 Parent education on handling, feeding posture, and home-based activities

Early physiotherapy intervention helps optimize growth, prevent delays, and improve long-term outcomes.

👉📚 https://t.me/PhysiotherapyEBooks

01/12/2025

Prone extension posture, a foundational position often used in pediatric physiotherapy. It helps strengthen the body, improve sensory processing, and support overall motor development.

1. ✅ Enhances Postural Control & Muscle Strength
Holding the body up against gravity strengthens the back, neck, and core muscles important for sitting, standing, and coordinated movement.

2. ✅ Improves Vestibular (Movement) Sensory Processing
The prone position stimulates the vestibular system, which helps children develop better balance and stability.

3. ✅ Supports Ocular-Motor Development
This posture encourages the eyes, hands, and body to work together, improving tracking, coordination, and visual attention.

4. ✅ Improves Somatosensory Awareness
Children learn to understand where their body is in space, supporting better control, coordination, and confidence in movement.

5. ✅ Boosts Overall Motor Skills
From crawling to writing, prone extension lays the foundation for higher-level gross and fine motor skills.

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30/11/2025

Some early signs that may indicate a baby is showing symptoms of Cerebral Palsy. Early detection is very important because timely physiotherapy and intervention can greatly improve a child’s movement, posture, and overall development.

✅ Spasticity
Tight or stiff muscles that make movement difficult.

✅ Stiff Muscles
The baby’s arms or legs may feel hard or rigid when you try to move them.

✅ Variations in Muscle Tone
The baby may seem too floppy (low tone) or too tight (high tone), and muscle tone may change throughout the day.

✅ Lack of Balance & Coordination
Difficulty holding the head up, rolling, sitting, or crawling compared to typical developmental milestones.

✅ Tremors or Involuntary Movements
Shaking, uncontrolled movements, or jerky motions not typical for their age.

If you notice any of these signs, consult a pediatric physiotherapist or pediatrician for proper assessment. Early therapy can significantly improve mobility, independence, and quality of life.

👉📚 https://t.me/PhysiotherapyEBooks

29/11/2025

Drooling is very common in babies and toddlers, but when it continues beyond the expected age or appears suddenly, it can be a sign that something else is going on. There are 4 possible reasons your child may be drooling (and it’s not always about teething)

1. ✅ Low Muscle Tone
Weakness in the facial or trunk muscles can make it difficult for a child to keep their lips closed. Because fine motor control of the lips and jaw depends on overall core stability, children with low tone may struggle to manage saliva effectively.

2. ✅ Tongue Position Issues
If the tongue rests too far forward in the mouth, saliva may escape easily. This can happen due to low muscle tone, tongue tie, or an immature swallowing pattern.

3. ✅ Medical Causes
Conditions like sinus infections, strep throat, or GERD can cause discomfort and make swallowing harder, leading to increased drooling.

4. ✅ Enlarged Tonsils
Big tonsils can push the tongue forward or make swallowing uncomfortable, causing saliva to pool in the mouth and spill out.

👉 When to Take Action
Persistent drooling regardless of age can be a red flag. It’s important to consult with your pediatrician and Pediatric physiotherapist or a speech-language pathologist to identify the root cause.

✅ How Physiotherapist can Manage Drooling

A physiotherapist plays an important role, especially when drooling is related to low muscle tone, poor posture, or delayed motor development. Physiotherapy can help by:
• Improving core stability, which supports better lip and jaw control
• Strengthening neck and trunk muscles to improve head control
• Enhancing oral-motor coordination through posture correction
• Supporting overall motor milestones, which influence feeding and swallowing skills
• Collaborating with speech therapists for a comprehensive treatment plan

Improving body alignment and stability often leads to better saliva control and more mature swallowing patterns.

👉📚 https://t.me/PhysiotherapyEBooks

28/11/2025

How senses work together to help children grow, learn, and function in daily life. Sensory integration is the process by which the brain receives, organizes, and responds to input from different senses such as touch, movement, sight, sound, and body awareness.

✅ What the Senses Do:
• Auditory (Hearing): Supports communication, speech, and understanding.
• Vestibular (Movement & Balance): Helps with posture, balance, eye movements, and coordination.
• Proprioception (Muscles & Joints): Helps children know where their body is in space, improving muscle control and stability.
• Tactile (Touch): Plays a key role in feeding skills, bonding, emotional security, and comfort.
• Visual (Seeing): Supports visual perception, tracking, and hand-eye coordination.

✅ How the Brain Integrates These Inputs:
When these senses work together, they help children develop:
• Better motor planning
• Improved attention span
• Good coordination
• Strong emotional stability
• Smooth eye-hand coordination

✅ The Final Outcomes:
Healthy sensory integration leads to many important life skills, such as:
• Focus and attention
• Emotional control
• Self-esteem and confidence
• Organizational skills
• Academic success
• Creative and logical thinking

👉 Children with sensory processing difficulties may struggle in these areas but early physiotherapy and sensory-based interventions can make a significant difference.

Supporting a child’s sensory needs means supporting their overall development.

👉📚 https://t.me/PhysiotherapyEBooks