04/22/2019
Week 5 Note: Essential Oils (terpenes…) and Oleoresins… Are they different?
Let’s continue the discussion
We are going to talk about the difference between terpenes…. Most commonly called Essential oils and oleoresins which are usually named by their scientific name for each botanical/spice. We are going to focus on the commonly called “spices” defined as strongly flavored or aromatic substances obtained from plants (usually tropical plants) and commonly used as condiments for their flavour and preservative qualities.
Individual components of spices have been study in several different areas. The volatile components of spices make the essential oil of the particular spice and are responsible for the aroma; the non-volatile part make the oleoresins which contribute to the bitter/pungent part of the spice and also may contain medical/health/therapeutic properties.
The essential oil is classified in four major groups: monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated compounds (esters, ketones, alcohols, ethers). This classification is mostly based on chemical structure that we wont cover in this note….. let’s leave that to the chemist for now. It is important to note that the lack of any of the components (or large change in quantities) will affect the aroma of the specific spice.
The non-volatile components are large molecular weight (in comparison with essential oils) structures and are mostly fatty acids, resins, paraffins, waxes and alkaloid. They are viscous and resinous and contain the components that are responsible for medical attributes of the spice.
Supercritical CO2 extraction works for both, essential oils and oleoresin. The extract obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction have more top notes, no degradation, more shelf life and better aroma and blending characteristics than steam distilled or solvent extracted products. In some cases, secondary purification is required so generate more pure components when needed, specially for specific aromas or for nutraceutical/natural health products.
Please note that none of this information is of my own, all these information from the weekly notes come from several sources of scientific information and it is intended for personal education purposes for our followers and people in the industry interested on clear knowledge. If you are interested in deep information, please let us know and we will give you some references for your own study and understanding.
Diana Powers. M.Sc. Ph.D. P.Eng.
President and Co-founder.