01/12/2016
This is Dr. Moe Tabesh in Kingston, ON, and today we’re going to take a short break from talking about dental implants. Instead, we’re going to talk about alligators. I know what you’re thinking, “what do Alligators have to do with teeth. Or dental implants. Or dental health for that matter?” We’ll get to that in a little bit.
What if humans could regrow teeth after having one knocked out? When we’re children, we kind of do regenerate our teeth. Well, sort of, we just have two sets of teeth. That way, when our baby teeth fall out, our permanent teeth can grow in after them. As infants, your body creates teeth under the gum line during a complex chemical and mineralization process. It’s hard to imagine our little bodies to be capable of growing the hardest tissue in the human body, enamel.
Unfortunately, after your permanent teeth erupt, that’s all you have. With that being said, it’s important to cherish them and maintain your dental health. However, some people aren’t so lucky as to keep all of their teeth their entire life. After all, we’re human, so mistakes and accidents happen. And unfortunately, after losing a permanent tooth to decay or a knock out, our bodies can’t magically regrow new teeth.
But, that would be pretty cool if we could, wouldn’t it? Some researchers in China are trying to make that happen. After all, we’ve figured out how to regenerate bone growth through bone grafts. So, why shouldn’t we be able to regenerate teeth? Except, the scientists aren’t trying to use any kind of bone graft technique to grow teeth. Instead, they’re looking to our reptile friend, the alligator, to try and figure out how to regrow teeth.
Why Alligators?
Alligators can regrow each of its teeth up to 50 times. Unlike humans who lose teeth from wear and tear, then just have to deal with it by getting dentures or dental implants, Alligators have physically evolved to a more practical level than us.
Alligators have 80 teeth and can replace each of them up to 50 times throughout their lives. They grow small spare teeth under their larger developed tooth, so that when they lose a tooth the spare can grow in to save the day.
This adaptation is convenient for alligators, since they usually live to be anywhere from 35 to 75 years old. If they only lose a tooth a year, they can make it their entire lives without having to deal with tooth loss, which I imagine would be pretty embarrassing for smiley alligators.
To study the regrowth process of alligator teeth, scientists X-rayed the tissue collections from alligator embryos, infants, and 3-year old adolescent alligators’ teeth. Then, they grew teeth cells in a lab to create a genetic representation of the progression. They found that alligator teeth underwent a few phases.
Researchers found that when an alligator loses a tooth, a 3 phase reaction takes place. First, a tissue known as the dental lamina, starts to swell up. Dental lamina is the type of tissue that begins the process of growing teeth in all animals. After the dental lamina swells, it activates stem cells and other molecules to start the formation of a shiny new tooth.
How We Could Use This Knowledge for Humans
The researchers learned a lot about the processes that alligators undergo to grow new teeth. While they haven’t regenerated a human tooth, yet, they can still use their knowledge to work with stem cells. If researchers learned how to activate the remnants of dental lamina that are found in the human mouth, they could induce humans to form a new tooth after they fall out.
On the reverse, researchers could use this knowledge to stop abnormal tooth growth in patients. However, this research is still early, and in theory it’s a great idea. Even though they don’t look like it, teeth have an incredibly complex physiology. With that being said, they haven’t actually figured out how to trigger the chemical structures to regenerate human teeth, yet. So in the meantime, they’ll keep learning more and more how alligators do it.
The Next Best Thing
Until researchers actually figure out how to regrow human teeth, we have the next best thing. For those patients out there, who are suffering from tooth loss, we have dental implants. As far as tooth restoration treatments go, dental implants are the closest thing to real teeth. They provide the full functionality and beauty of real teeth