Stethophone

Stethophone The most important medical device is the one you already have with you.

11/07/2025

The era when ANOCA (Angina with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries), INOCA (Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries), and MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries) were considered mere “diagnoses of exclusion” is over.

Contemporary cardiology now recognizes them as distinct clinical entities, each with specific pathophysiological mechanisms, microvascular dysfunction, vasospasm, or plaque disruption, requiring targeted evaluation and management.
The key is not a generic approach, but a mechanism-driven workup using functional coronary testing or advanced imaging to clarify the underlying cause and guide tailored therapy.


Myocardial infarction with

Cardiovascular Research Foundation TCT 2025 finished two weeks ago, and this year, there was a noticeable shift in empha...
11/06/2025

Cardiovascular Research Foundation TCT 2025 finished two weeks ago, and this year, there was a noticeable shift in emphasis toward the detection of structural heart disease. Whereas historically the conversation has centered on speed to intervention, it is now increasingly about finding disease earlier in the population.

Among the more impactful presentations, the PREVUE-VALVE study, led by Dr. David Cohen with Dr. Michael Brener as first author and conducted under the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, presented a refreshed look at the prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD) in older adults. The results were striking.

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11/04/2025

Don’t Overlook Heart Murmurs and Their Clinical Significance!
Here’s the essential information you need to know. 🫀
📝Classification

By Timing
• Systolic (between S1–S2): Most common; may be innocent or pathological
• Diastolic (between S2–next S1): Always pathological
• Continuous: Persists throughout the cardiac cycle (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus)

By Intensity (Levine Scale)
• Grade 1/6 – Barely audible
• Grade 2/6 – Quiet but clearly heard
• Grade 3/6 – Moderately loud
• Grade 4/6 – Loud with palpable thrill
• Grade 5/6 – Very loud, audible with minimal contact
• Grade 6/6 – Audible without direct contact

📝Clinical Significance
Functional (Innocent) Murmurs
• No evidence of structural heart disease
• Common in children and young adults (seen in up to 50%)
• Typically soft, systolic, and asymptomatic
• May vary with body position or respiration

Pathological Murmurs — Key Red Flags
⚠️ All diastolic murmurs are pathological
⚠️ Grade ≥3/6 intensity
⚠️ Associated symptoms: dyspnea, syncope, or chest pain
⚠️ Abnormal S2 (e.g., wide or fixed splitting)
⚠️ Harsh quality or radiation

Common Pathological Etiologies

Valvular Disease
• Aortic stenosis (systolic ejection murmur)
• Mitral regurgitation (holosystolic pattern)
• Aortic regurgitation (early diastolic murmur)
• Mitral stenosis (mid-diastolic rumble)
Structural or Functional Abnormalities
• Ventricular septal defect
• Atrial septal defect
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

When to Refer
✅ Any diastolic murmur
✅ Systolic murmur with clinical symptoms
✅ Grade ≥3/6 systolic murmur
✅ Change in a previously documented murmur
✅ New murmur in an adult >40 years

Key Takeaway?
Early recognition through AI Phonoscopy and bioacoustic signal analysis supports the detection of significant valvular and structural abnormalities before irreversible cardiac remodeling occurs.

Don't sleep on heart murmurs and their clinical significance! Here's the essential information you need to know!Swipe to...
11/03/2025

Don't sleep on heart murmurs and their clinical significance! Here's the essential information you need to know!

Swipe to understand the classification of heart murmurs: systolic, diastolic, continuous, and more. 💡


The mid-systolic click is a key diagnostic sound that isn't always easy to recognize. Swipe through the carousel to lear...
10/31/2025

The mid-systolic click is a key diagnostic sound that isn't always easy to recognize. Swipe through the carousel to learn more.

 

🫀 Understanding Heart Failure Severity: NYHA Functional ClassificationThe New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional C...
10/30/2025

🫀 Understanding Heart Failure Severity: NYHA Functional Classification
The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification is the gold standard system in cardiology for assessing the severity of heart failure. It categorizes patients into four functional classes based on how symptoms limit physical activity. Knowing these is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and predicting outcomes! 👇

Class I: ✅ No Limitation. Ordinary physical activity does not cause fatigue, palpitations, or shortness of breath (dyspnea).

Class II: ⚠️ Slight Limitation. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary activity results in symptoms.

Class III: 🛑 Marked Limitation. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.

Class IV: 🚨 Unable to Perform. Symptoms of heart failure are present even at rest; any activity causes discomfort.

This simple, standardized framework guides critical treatment decisions and enables consistent communication among healthcare professionals worldwide. It's truly foundational in clinical practice and research.

Save this essential reference for a quick clinical review and Share to promote awareness of this widely recognized standard in heart failure assessment! 💙

Here’s another very interesting case study! A patient suffered a myocardial infarction (MI), triggered by emotional stre...
10/29/2025

Here’s another very interesting case study! A patient suffered a myocardial infarction (MI), triggered by emotional stress. Swipe through the carousel, save the post, tag your colleagues, and share your insights in the comments below 👇

10/27/2025

Our CEO, Mark Opauszky, presented at the TCT 2025 AI-Lab today, unveiling a new approach to cracking the problem of early VHD detection. Thank you for the incredible opportunity!

A new study in JACC Journals (Journal of the American College of Cardiology): How chemotherapy increases the risk of de...
10/24/2025

A new study in JACC Journals (Journal of the American College of Cardiology): How chemotherapy increases the risk of developing heart valve disease.

Swipe the carousel to find out the details and key takeaways!

10/22/2025

Understanding heart murmurs starts with timing. Systolic or diastolic? It all depends on when you hear it between S1 and S2. This quick guide breaks down the cardiac cycle and helps you identify murmur timing like a pro. 🫀

10/22/2025

Brugada Syndrome on ECG: What are the tell-tale signs?

What cardiac pathology should we analyze next? Let us know in the comments below! 👇

Let's look at an interesting patient case involving Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP). 🫀Swipe through the carousel, save this ...
10/18/2025

Let's look at an interesting patient case involving Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP). 🫀

Swipe through the carousel, save this post, tag your colleagues, and share your thoughts in the comments below 👇

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