27/11/2019
Application of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Poultry Breeding
In recent years, the scale of the poultry industry has been increasing year by year, and the poultry industry has been developing towards intensive, large-scale, industrialization and standardized production. However, there are still some problems such as non-standard drug use in the breeding process, among which drug abuse, especially antibiotic abuse, is an unavoidable fact, and the situation is increasingly serious. Drug abuse leads to strong bacterial drug resistance in poultry. In order to improve the therapeutic effect, drug dose has to be increased, which causes drug accumulation in poultry tissues and organs and endangers human health. With the deepening of the harm of drug abuse, the development of poultry drugs has turned to low toxicity, no residue and high efficiency drugs, among which the development of Chinese herbal drugs with both symptoms and root causes, safety and low toxicity, can be added for a long time is an important direction of drug use.
1. Disease prevention and health care
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) emphasizes the prevention and health care is one of the main functions of herbal medicine. In the actual production, some herbal medicines can be used in advance against the high incidence in the different breeding stages, which can enhance the body immunity, improve the ability to fight disease, so that birds will suffer less or no disease. Polysaccharides, organic acids and alkaloids of traditional Chinese medicine have been found to enhance the immune function. Astragalus polysaccharide, Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide can induce the body to produce interferon, regulate the immune function of the body, and promote the formation of antibodies.
It is reported that astragalus polysaccharide can significantly promote the development of the spleen and upper sac of the chicken and increase its weight, resist the damage of immune organs caused by immunosuppressants or repair the damaged immune organs, restore the tissue structure of the immune organs to a normal level, and maintain the normal immune function of the body.
From the histological point of view, it can promote the proliferation of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, and promote the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide to normal level. It is found such as pine mushroom polysaccharide can promote the secretion of macrophage by LPS stimulation, and improve the IL - 1 beta, IL - 6, IL - 12 and TNF alpha gene expression, and its mechanism may be that pine mushroom polysaccharide of TMF - Ⅱ can make I kappa B phosphorylate and activate nf-kappa B.
2. Disease Treatment
By using the TCM theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment, reasonable composition of prescription, combined with the modern antibiotic development method, through the efficacy test to screen Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine ingredients, and then through acidification, alkalization and other chemical methods, the Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines can increase the ability to kill bacteria and viruses.
Due to its multi-target pharmacodynamics principle, herbal medicines are not easy to produce drug resistance, not easy to form drug residues in the application, non-toxic side effects. Herbal products have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-parasitic, immune regulation and other effects.
After the chicken group is ill, the appropriate Chinese medicine prescription is selected and used based on the affected condition, and the health is fundamentally restored through the direct killing of the pathogen and the improvement of the body function activity and the specific resistance to the pathogenic factors.
Commonly used herbal drugs are "Fuzheng Jiedu powder" (the main components: Radix Isatis, Radix Astragalus, Flos Lonicerae, etc.), "Qingwen Baidu Powder" (the main components: Gypsum, Radix Rehmannia, Cornu Bubali, etc.), "Baitouweng Oral Solution" (the main component: Radix Pulsatillae, Radix Coptis, Cortex Phellodendri, etc.) and other formulae.
3. Enhance the Protective Effect of Vaccine
In the production of poultry, the injection of vaccine can significantly reduce the outbreak of epidemic diseases. During the immunization period, some traditional Chinese medicines can be used to invigorate the body and strengthen the immune system, which can adjust the immune system and improve the immune effect of the vaccine. It is found that many herbals contain components that can improve the immune effect of vaccine, such as astragalus polysaccharide and pine pollen polysaccharide.
The results showed that polysaccharides extracted from astragalus and fucus alga can be used as immune enhancer during the immunization of Newcastle disease attenuated vaccine. When used as an immune adjuvant, pine pollen polysaccharide can significantly improve the immune effect of vaccines, such as subunit vaccine of proteus, inactivated vaccine of rabbit pest virus, and ompA subunit vaccine of portobellus, and its immune enhancement effect is significant.
4. Improve Production Performance
The Chinese herbal medicines with the effect of invigorating spleen and promoting appetite, digestion and integration, regulate the intestinal, regulate the digestive system function, so as to improve the utilization rate of poultry feed, improve the ratio of feed to meat. Common Chinese medicines include Fructus Crataegi, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Massa Medicated Fermentata, Garlic, Radix Codonopsis, etc. These Chinese herbs are often used in the feeding process, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of feed, improve the intestines and stomach, and significantly increase weight.
The study on the improvement of the production performance of chicken by the formula of Chinese herbal medicine showed that the slaughter rate of the experimental chicken was 7.78% higher than that of the compared group, and the total clean chamber rate was 9.64% higher than that of the compared group. The experiment also showed if adding Chinese medicine to the feed of duck, the feed conversion rate was increased by 3.8% after feeding for 49 days.For egg-type poultry, the traditional Chinese herbal prescription of nourishing Yin and invigorating Yang and replenishing qi and blood can promote the development of follicles and increase the number and weight of eggs. Commonly used drugs include Herba Leonuri, Herba Epimedii, Herba Cistanches, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, etc. The results showed that in the later stage of laying eggs, the egg-laying quantity, egg-weight and egg-laying rate were significantly higher than those in the compared group, and the contents of estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum were increased to some extent.
5. Improve the quality of poultry products
Experiments have proved that the higher the content of aromatic Chinese herbal medicine, the stronger the effect on improving the flavor of meat and eggs. In order to obtain more delicious and beautiful poultry meat and eggs, adding pine needle powder or chili powder into the feed can change the color and flavor of poultry products.
