Dermatology Lectures

12/03/2026

Onychomycosis (Fungal Nail Infection) 🦠💅

Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection that affects the fingernails or toenails. It usually occurs when fungi grow under or inside the nail, leading to changes in the nail’s appearance and structure.

🔹 Common Symptoms

Thickened nails

Yellow, white, or brown discoloration

Brittle or crumbly nails

Distorted nail shape

Separation of the nail from the nail bed

Sometimes mild pain or discomfort

🔹 Causes

Onychomycosis is commonly caused by:

Dermatophyte fungi

Yeasts

Non-dermatophyte molds

Risk factors include:

Excessive sweating

Walking barefoot in public places (pools, gyms)

Tight shoes

Nail trauma

Diabetes or weak immunity

🔹 How Is It Diagnosed?

Diagnosis may include:

Clinical examination

Nail scraping for microscopy and fungal culture

Sometimes laboratory testing to identify the exact organism

🔹 Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of the infection:

Topical antifungal medications for mild cases

Oral antifungal medications for more extensive infections

Nail debridement or trimming of the infected nail

Consistent treatment is important because nails grow slowly and treatment may take several months.

🔹 Prevention Tips

✔ Keep nails clean and dry
✔ Avoid sharing nail tools
✔ Wear breathable shoes
✔ Use protective footwear in public showers and pools
✔ Trim nails regularly

12/02/2026

Tinea capitis is a superficial dermatophyte infection of the scalp hair follicles and surrounding skin, predominantly affecting children. Below is a dermatologist-level, structured overview:

📌 Etiology
Caused by dermatophyte fungi, mainly:
Trichophyton tonsurans (anthropophilic; common in urban epidemics)
Microsporum canis (animal contact)
Trichophyton violaceum
Microsporum audouinii
Transmission: direct human contact, fomites (combs, hats), animals.

📌 Pathogenesis
Dermatophytes invade the stratum corneum and hair shaft keratin.

Patterns of invasion:
Endothrix: spores inside hair shaft (e.g., Trichophyton)
Ectothrix: spores coat hair surface (e.g., Microsporum)
Leads to hair fragility and breakage.

📌 Clinical Types
1. Non-inflammatory
Gray patch: scaly alopecic patches with broken hairs
Black dot: hairs broken at scalp surface
Diffuse dandruff-like scaling

2. Inflammatory
Kerion: boggy, tender plaque with pustules and crust
Risk of scarring alopecia
3. Favus
Yellow cup-shaped crusts (scutula)
Chronic, may cause permanent alopecia
📌 Clinical Features
Patchy alopecia
Scaling
Pruritus (variable)
Cervical/postauricular lymphadenopathy
Broken hairs (“comma hairs,” “corkscrew hairs” on dermoscopy)

📌 Diagnosis
Clinical + Dermoscopy
Broken hairs
Black dots
Comma/corkscrew hairs
Wood’s lamp
Green fluorescence in Microsporum infections
Mycology
KOH microscopy
Fungal culture (gold standard)
PCR (if available)

📌 Differential Diagnosis
Alopecia areata
Seborrheic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Trichotillomania
Bacterial folliculitis

📌 Treatment
⚠️ Topicals alone are insufficient — systemic therapy required.
Systemic antifungals
Griseofulvin (first line in many children)
20–25 mg/kg/day (microsize) for 6–8 weeks
Preferred for Microsporum
Terbinafine
Weight-based dosing
4–6 weeks
Better for Trichophyton
Alternatives:
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Adjunctive topical therapy
Selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo
Ketoconazole shampoo → Reduce spore shedding
Kerion management
Short course oral corticosteroids (controversial but used to reduce inflammation and scarring)
Continue systemic antifungal

📌 Complications
Scarring alopecia (especially kerion/favus)
Secondary bacterial infection
Transmission to contacts

📌 Prevention & Public Health
Screen household contacts
Treat asymptomatic carriers
Avoid sharing hair tools
Pet examination if zoophilic source suspected

06/02/2026

عاوزين فيديوهات عن ايه فى امراض الجلدية ؟

04/02/2026

🧴 Psoriasiform Drug Eruption
💊 is a drug-induced inflammatory dermatosis that clinically 🔬 and histopathologically 🧫 resembles psoriasis, but occurs secondary to medication exposure and may resolve ✅ after withdrawal of the offending agent.

⚠️ Common Offending Drugs
💊 Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)
💊 Lithium
💊 Antimalarials (e.g., hydroxychloroquine)
💊 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
💊 ACE inhibitors
💉 Interferons
🧬 Certain biologic agents (paradoxical reactions)

04/02/2026

تقسيمة Topical steroid

I: Ultra High
Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% oint (Diprosone oint)
Clobetasol propionate 0.05 cream, oint, sol, foam (Dermovate, Clovacort)
Halobetasol propionate 0.05% cream, oint, lotion.

II: High
Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream, lotion (Diprosone)
Fluocinonide 0.05% gel, cream, oint, sol
Diflorasone diacetate 0.05% cream
Mometasone furoate 0.1% oint (Elocon)

III: Medium to high
Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream
Amcinonide 0.1% cream
Desoximetasone
Fluticasone propionate 0.005% oint (Cutivate)
Triamcinolone acetonide 0.5% cream, oint (Topricort cream 1%)

IV: Medium
Betamethasone benzoate 0.025% oint.
Betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream, lotion, Foam (Betaderm, Betnovate)
Mometasone Furoate 0.1% cream, lotion (Elocon, Metaz)
Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% oint (Tretolamin cream)
Fluticasone propionate 0.05% cream
Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1% oint.
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% cream, oint.
Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream (Kenacomb Cream (0.1%))

V: Medium Low
Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% lotion
Betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream
Fluticasone acetonide 0.025% cream
Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1% cream (Texacort Cream)
Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% lotion
Prednicarbate 0.1% (Dermatop cream)

VI: Low
Fluticasone acetonide 0.01% cream, solution
Desonide 0.05% cream, lotion, oint (Locoprex)
Alclometasone Dipropionate 0.05% (Perderm cream)

VII: Least potent
Hydrocortisone acetate 1% cream, lotion, oint (Hydrocortisone cream)
Hydrocortisone hydrochloride 1% cream, lotion, oint

03/10/2025

مينفعش تتعلم Trichoscopy
من غير ما تشوف الفيديو ده 👇

Trichoscopy - dermoscopy of scalp hair , by Dr Hoda Monib in sharm derma 2019محاضرات شارم ديرما لدكتور عاصم ف*ج

14/08/2025

Seborrheic dermatitis : understanding your skin

27/07/2025

Minoxidil update by Dr Ahmed Kadah
👇👇👇👇

19/07/2025

Clinical cases
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16/07/2025

Treatment of ge***al warts

11/07/2025

Mesobotox by Dr Sara Mohy
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10/07/2025

PRP in dermatology
By Dr Maged El Sheikh
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