Adama Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory center

02/12/2025

is still one of the world’s deadliest health challenges — claiming over 44 million lives and counting.

But there is good news: we have new tools that can change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic. Lenacapavir — a long-acting injectable — is a game changer, shown to prevent almost all HIV infections among those at risk.

Now is the moment for global solidarity. I urge governments and partners to prioritize key and vulnerable populations, and make these life-changing tools accessible to everyone who needs them, everywhere.




https://x.com/who/status/1995269127997374961?s=46&t=KDOIfaXIKaCn1YuJftv2Cg

30/11/2025

Of-eeggannoof!

29/11/2025

CRP (C-Reactive Protein) Test
1. Objective:
The test was performed to measure the level of C-reactive protein in the blood, which helped assess inflammation, infection, or tissue injury.
2. Principle:
The test was based on immunoassay methods where CRP in the serum reacted with CRP-specific antibodies. This antigen-antibody reaction produced a measurable signal, such as turbidity or color change, which reflected the CRP concentration.
3. Materials:
• Patient serum sample
• CRP test kit (latex agglutination or automated immunoassay)
• Test tubes
• Pipettes
• Timer
• Analyzer (for quantitative tests)
4. Procedure:
1. The blood sample was collected and centrifuged to separate serum.
2. For latex agglutination, serum was mixed with CRP reagent on a slide.
3. The slide was rocked gently for the recommended time.
4. Agglutination was observed visually.
5. For quantitative tests, serum was loaded into an analyzer and CRP concentration was measured automatically.
5. Result:
• Positive/High: Increased CRP levels indicated inflammation, infection, or tissue damage.
• Normal/Low: Low CRP levels indicated no significant inflammation.
• Extremely high values suggested severe bacterial infections or systemic inflammatory response.
6. Uses:
• It was used to detect and monitor infections and inflammatory diseases.
• It helped assess severity of bacterial infections.
• It monitored treatment response in inflammatory conditions.
• It supported diagnosis in conditions like sepsis and autoimmune diseases.
7. Consultation:
Patients were advised to consult a physician if CRP levels were elevated. Further tests, imaging, or treatment were suggested based on the cause of inflammation.

29/11/2025

Identification of bacteria 🦠🦠 (Gram positive bacteria)

21/11/2025

KOH Mount Test
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1. Objective

The objective of the test was to detect fungal elements such as hyphae, spores, and yeast cells in clinical samples.

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2. Principle

The test was based on the ability of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to dissolve keratin and other tissue debris. This cleared the sample and allowed fungal structures, which resisted KOH, to be seen clearly under the microscope.

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3. Materials

Clinical sample (skin scrapings, nail clippings, hair, sputum, vaginal swab, etc.)

10–20% KOH solution

Clean glass slide and cover slip

Forceps or scalpel

Microscope

Dropper

Personal protective equipment

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4. Procedure (Microscopic Method)

1. A small portion of the sample was placed on a clean slide.

2. One or two drops of 10–20% KOH were added.

3. A cover slip was gently placed over the sample.

4. The slide was left for a few minutes so the KOH could digest the keratin.

5. The slide was examined under the microscope using low and high power.

6. Fungal elements such as hyphae, budding yeast, or spores were looked for.

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5. Result

Positive: Fungal hyphae, budding yeast, pseudohyphae, or spores were observed.

Negative: No fungal elements were seen.

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6. Uses

It was used to diagnose dermatophyte infections.

It helped detect Candida and other superficial fungal infections.

It provided a quick and inexpensive screening method.

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7. Consultation

The patient was advised to consult a dermatologist or physician if fungal elements were detected for proper treatment and follow-up.

21/11/2025

APHRRLC FEFTEEN YEARS MILESTONES!!!

18/11/2025

central dogma of molecular Biology

17/11/2025

Health Tips:-
How do scientists copy DNA millions of times from just a tiny drop of sample?
If you’ve ever wondered how COVID tests worked, how forensic labs identify criminals, or how genetic diseases are detected, the answer is PCR.

PCR is basically a DNA photocopier.
You take a small piece of DNA, give it the right ingredients, and the machine multiplies it again and again until there’s enough to study.

What’s wild is that the entire process runs on:
primers, nucleotides, an enzyme stolen from a heat-loving bacterium, and a machine that just keeps heating and cooling your sample like a biological thermostat.

Denature.
Anneal.
Extend.
Repeat 30–40 times.
Boom, millions of DNA copies.

Whether it’s diagnosing a virus, solving a crime, cloning a gene, or doing cutting-edge research, PCR is the backbone of modern molecular biology.
Understand this…and half of biotechnology starts making sense.

15/11/2025

14/11/2025

Hemorrhagic Fevers | overview for community education and prevention

Eight suspected cases of hemorrhagic fever have been reported in Jinka town, Ethiopia. The exact virus is still under laboratory investigation, but health authorities have intensified surveillance, contact tracing, and community awareness to prevent further spread.

As prevention is paramount, I took time to compile a detailed overview for community education and prevention in the affected area and beyond.

🧾 Definition

• Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) are a group of severe illnesses caused by several families of viruses.

These infections are multi-systemic, disrupting vascular integrity, immune responses, and the function of vital organs.

Clinically, they are marked by high fever, a tendency to bleed due to vascular and coagulation abnormalities, and progressive multi-organ dysfunction, often leading to life-threatening complications1,2.

🩺 Clinical Presentation

• Early symptoms: sudden fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, sore throat.

• Progressive symptoms: abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash.

• Severe signs: bleeding (nose, gums, gastrointestinal), low blood pressure, shock, organ failure.

• Note: Bleeding is not always present, but vascular damage is a hallmark1.

🔬 Diagnosis
• Clinical suspicion: based on symptoms, outbreak context, and exposure history.
• Laboratory tests (confirmation):
o PCR for viral RNA
o ELISA for viral antigens/antibodies
o Blood counts (low platelets, leukopenia)
o Liver and kidney function tests

• Differential diagnosis: always do not forget the common problems in the setting including malaria, typhoid, sepsis, dengue1.

🧪 Investigations
• Complete blood count: may show thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.
• Coagulation profile: prolonged clotting times.
• Biochemistry: elevated liver enzymes, renal impairment.
• Imaging: rarely needed, but may show organ involvement.

💊 Case Management:
• Supportive

13/11/2025

ከጤና ሚኒስቴር እና ከኢትዮጵያ የሕብረተሰብ ጤና ኢንስቲትዩት በወቅታዊ የጤና ጉዳይ የተሰጠ መግለጫ