Dr.Fikru Gadisa

06/12/2025

Dhukkuba sukkaaraa yeroo ulfaa ummamu

-Seeloonni qaama keenyaa dalagaa isaanii daraan dalagauuf sukkaara isaan barbaachisa.
-Sukkaarri kun gara seeloota seenuuf ammoo hormoonni insuuliini jedhamu barbachiisa.
-Insuuliin ammoo qaama rajijii jedhamuu irraa madda.
-Yeroo hammi insuulini xiqqaatu ykn gonkuuma dhabamu sukkaarrii dhiiga keenyaa keessa jiru olka'a.
-Sababa xiqqaachuu ykn dhabamuu insuulinittin dabaluun sukkaara dhiiga keessatti ummamu kun dhukkuba sukkaaraa (diabetes mellitus) jedhama.
->dhukkubni sukkaaraa mallattoowwan armaan gadii qabaachuu danda'a
-Garmalee bishaan dhoobachuu
-Garmalee fedhii nyaataa dabaluu
-Fincaan namatti baayyisuu
-Ulfaatinni qaama hirdhachuu
-Ofwalalanii kufuu fi rommisisuu
-Dandeetti ijaan ilaaluu xiqqaachuu
- Garaa dhukkubbi ciimaa
-Balaqamsisuu
->dhukkuba sukkaaraa gosoota armaan gaditti qooduun ni danda'ama
-Type 1dm
-Type 2 dm
-MODY
-Gestational Dm
->Dhukkuba Sukkaaraa yeroo ulfaa(Gestational Dm)
- dhukkubni sukkaara kun dubartii kanan dura dhukkuba sukkaara hin qabne irraatti kan yeroo ulfaa ummamuudha.
Sababawwan armaan gadi kun carraa dhibee sukkaaran qabamu ni dabalu.isaanis
-Ulfaa kanan duraa irraatti yoo ummame jiraate.
-Ulfaa kan duraa irraatti daa'imnii dhalate yoo lubbuun darbee ykn mudoo dhaloota yoo qabaate.
-Maatii keessaatti yoo jiraate.
-Umuriin dubaartii 25 ol yoo tahe.
-Ulfaatina qaama ol'aanaa yoo qabatan.
-Dhiibban dhiigaa olka'aa yoo tahe.
-Gadameessa keessa daa'imma 2 fi isaa ol yoo jiraate.
Rakkoowwan dhibeen kun fiduu danda'uu
-dabaluu dhiibbaa dhiigaa yeroo ulfaa
-Ulfaa booda itti fufu dhukkuba sukkaaraa.
-Carraa walaansa baqaqsanii da'uu dabaluu.
-Daa'ima ulfaatina qaama ol'aanaa da'uu.
-Bishaan mataa daa'immaa baayy'ee tahu
- Midhaa qaama yeroo da'uumsa ummamuu
-Daa'imma gadameessa keessatti lubbuun darbuu.
->Dhukkuba sukkaaraa yeroo ulfaa ummamu calallii waligalaa torbee 24ffa hanga 28ffa jidduutti godhuun addaan baasuun ni danda'ama.
>Akkamiin yaaluu fi ittisuun danda'ama ?
-Sirnaa sorataa halaa ogeessi fayyaa dhukkubsatatti himeen soraachuu.
-Ulfaatina qaama madallamaa qabaachuu.
-Sosochii qaama taasisuu.
-Tamboo xuuxuu dhaabuu.
-Amma sukkaaraa dhiiga keessa jiru yeroo yeroon safaru.kunis yoo xiqqaate guyyaatti yeroo afur safaru.
-Qoriicha ogeessii fayyaa keennuu halaan hordofuu.
Kanaf hordoffii ulfaa taasisuun hedduu barbachiisaadha.

Galatooma !

05/12/2025

Keratoacanthoma (KA)

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common low-grade tumor that originates in the pilosebaceous glands. KA is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with a tendency toward spontaneous regression.
Keratoacanthoma is characterized by rapid growth over a few weeks to months, followed by spontaneous resolution over 4-6 months in most cases. Keratoacanthoma may progress rarely to invasive or metastatic carcinoma.

Trauma/local injury, ultraviolet light, chemical carcinogens, human papillomavirus, genetic factors (mutations in p53 or H-Ras), and immunocompromised status have been implicated as etiologic or triggering factors. Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, can have cutaneous adverse effects, and the flourishing of these targeted therapies has led to a marked increase in keratoacanthoma incidence.

Keratoacanthoma is associated with syndromes such as Muir-Torre syndrome, Ferguson-Smith syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, and incontinentia pigmenti. A rare disorder, generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski

Treatment of keratoacanthoma (KA) is has
to be invidualized. Although surgical excision is the primary therapy, medical treatment may be appropriate in patients with multiple lesions, in lesions not amenable to surgery because of size or location, and in patients with comorbidities that make them poor candidates for a surgical procedure.

The prognosis for keratoacanthoma is excellent following excisional surgery. Recurrent tumors may require more aggressive therapy. It is important to follow patients with a history of keratoacanthoma for development of new primary skin cancers (SCC in particular). The reclassification of keratoacanthoma as SCC–KA type reflects the difficulty in histologic differentiation.
Uncommonly, keratoacanthomas may exhibit an aggressive growth pattern. Keratoacanthoma infrequently presents as multiple tumors and may enlarge (5-15 cm), become aggressive locally, or rarely, metastasize.

04/12/2025

Talalliiwwan yeroo ulfaa kennaman

Talallii jechuun adeemsa madinummaa qaama keenyaa cimsuun daandeetti dhibee garagara
ofirraa ittisaanidha.
Dhukkuboota talalliin ittisuu dandeenyu kanneen armaan gaditti.
-Tetanus
-Diphtheria
-Pertusis
-Hepatitis A
-Hepatitis B
-Measles
-Mumps
-Rubela
-Polio
-Pneumococcal
-Cervical cancer
-covd19
-RSV

Talalliiwwan yeroo ulfaa kennaman kannen armaan gaditti.
->Tetatus toxoid.talalliin kun dubaartii ulfaaf kan kennamu kana dura fudhachuu fi dhiisuu ishee irraatti hundaa'etti.kana irraatti hundaa'uun hanga marsaa shanitti kennama.
-Marsaan 1ffaan akkuma ulfaa tahu ishee barteen kan kennamuudha.
-Marsaan 2ffaa ammoo ergaa marsaan 1ffaan kennamee booda ji'a tokko booda kennama.hanga waggaa sadiif ni tajajila.
-Marsaan 3ffaan ammoo ergaa marsaan 2ffaa kenname ji'a ja'a booda kennama.hanga waggaa shanittif tajajila
-Marsaan 4ffaan ergaa deesse booda kennama.waggaa kudhanif tajajila.
- Marsaa5ffaanis ulfaa booda kan itti fuufuudha.umurii guutuuf tajajila.
yoo xiqqaate marsaa sadi fudhachuu qabdi.ergaa marsaa shan guutuu fuudhatte booda fudhaachuu hin barbaachisu.talalliin tetanus kun Td jedhamuun kennamutu gorfamu dabalatan diphtheria ittisuu akka danda'uf.
->Dabalatanis talalliiwwan akka
-Hepatiti A
-Hepatitis B
-Pneumococal
-Inactivated Influenza vaccine kennamuun n8 danda'ama.

->Talalliiwwan yeroo ulfaa hin kennamne kanneen armaan gaditti
-HPV
-MMR
-Varicella
-Nasal flu vaccine.

Galatooma
Dr.Fikru.

04/12/2025

Yeroo ulfaa alkoolii dhuguu

-Dubaartoonni ulfaa ta'aan alkoolii dhuguun baraamadha.dubartoota ulfaa ta'aan keessa parsaantiin 10.2 alkoolii dhuguu danda'u.
-Alkoolii dhuguun hadhaa fi daa'imma gadameessa keessa jiru irraatti midhaa guddaa fida.isaan keessa muraasni;
-Ulfa baasuu
-gadameessa keessatti lubbuun darbuu
-guyyaa osoo hin gahin dhalaachuu
-dhiibbaa dhiigaa dabaluu
-daa'imni dhalatu ulfaatina xiqqaa qabaachuu
- Fetal alcoholic syndrome spectrum( FASD)

FASD tuuta rakkoowwan qaama garagara kan sababa dubaartin ulfaa alkoolii fayyadamun daa'ima irraatti ummamuudha.isaan keessa muraasni
-Buqqee mataa xiqqoo
-Ija xiqqoo
-funyaan diriraa
-hidhii xiqqoo
-rakkoowwaan onnee,kalee,nervii,maashaa fi buusaa.
-daandeetti gurraan dhagahu dhabuu.
-wantootaf xiyyeeffannoo kennuu dhabuu.
-barnoota irraatti dadhaba tahu.
-guddina qamaa madalama dhabuu.
-rakkoo guddina afaani fi yadaachu gadi bu'aa qabu.

Rakkoowwan armaan olii kan hambisuuf ofeggannoo gochuun barbachisaadha

Galatooma !
Dr.Fikru Gaddisaatin

03/12/2025

Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ in the body and is a leading cause of preventable disease and premature death globally. The harmful side effects stem from the over 7,000 chemicals in to***co smoke, including at least 69 known carcinogens and addictive ni****ne.
Major side effects are grouped by the body systems they affect:
Cardiovascular System
Smoking significantly damages the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of:
Coronary heart disease (CHD): Smoking causes plaque to build up in the arteries (atherosclerosis), which narrows them and restricts blood flow to the heart, a major cause of heart attacks.
Stroke: Damage to blood vessels and increased likelihood of blood clots can block blood supply to the brain.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD): Narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, which can lead to pain, slow wound healing, and in severe cases, gangrene and amputation.
High blood pressure and heart rate: Ni****ne stimulates adrenaline release, which raises blood pressure and forces the heart to work harder.
Respiratory System
The lungs and airways are directly damaged by smoke inhalation, leading to:
Lung cancer: Smoking is the number one risk factor, responsible for approximately 90% of lung cancer deaths.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): This progressive and disabling condition includes emphysema (permanent damage to air sacs) and chronic bronchitis (inflamed airways and excess mucus), making breathing difficult.
Increased infections: Smoking paralyzes and kills the hair-like cells (cilia) in the airways, making it harder to clear out germs and leading to a higher risk of infections like pneumonia and influenza.
Asthma exacerbation: Smoke irritates airways and can trigger more frequent and severe asthma attacks.
Cancer
Beyond the lungs, the carcinogens in to***co smoke can cause cancer in almost any part of the body.Specific cancer risks include:

Mouth, throat, and voice box

Esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and liver

Kidney, bladder, and cervix

Colon and re**um

Acute myeloid leukemia

Reproductive Health and Pregnancy

Smoking can cause infertility in both men and women and leads to an increased risk of:

In women: Difficulty getting pregnant, menstrual problems, earlier menopause, and ectopic pregnancy.

In men: Erectile dysfunction and damaged s***m (reduced count and quality).

During pregnancy: Miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight babies, and birth defects such as cleft lip or palate.

Other Health Effects

Appearance: Stained fingers, teeth, and gums; bad breath; saggy skin and premature wrinkles.

Immune system: A weakened immune system makes smokers more susceptible to illnesses and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Bones: Reduced bone density increases the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures, especially hip fractures.

Vision: Increased risk of cataracts, macular degeneration (a leading cause of blindness in older adults), and other eye problems.

Type 2 Diabetes: Smokers have a 30-40% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Effects of Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke is also dangerous and can cause many of the same illnesses as active smoking in non-smokers, especially children. There is no safe level of exposure.

03/12/2025

28/11/2025

Adding glucocorticoids to standard care within 48 hours of hospital admission reduced the risk for death in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in low-resource settings and was safe as an add-on to conventional therapy. http://ms.spr.ly/6189tn4ud